The DOI matches its Crossref record; 104 of the 104 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Does marriage and relationship education work? A meta-analytic study.
Abstract
In this meta-analytic study, the authors examined the efficacy of marriage and relationship education (MRE) on 2 common outcomes: relationship quality and communication skills. A thorough search produced 86 codable reports that yielded 117 studies and more than 500 effect sizes. The effect sizes for relationship quality for experimental studies ranged from d = .30 to .36, while the communication skills effect sizes ranged from d = .43 to .45. Quasi-experimental studies generated smaller effect sizes, but these appeared to be due to pretest group differences. Moderate-dosage programs produced larger effect sizes than did low-dosage programs. For communication skills, published studies had larger effects than those of unpublished studies at follow-up; there were no publication differences for relationship quality. There was no evidence of a gender difference. Unfortunately, a lack of racial/ethnic and economic diversity in the samples prevented reliable conclusions about the effectiveness of MRE for disadvantaged couples, a crucial deficit in the body of research. In addition, intervention outcomes important to policy makers, such as relationship stability and aggression, rarely have been addressed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2000) · Cited by 9,198
Measuring Dyadic Adjustment: New Scales for Assessing the Quality of Marriage and Similar Dyads
Spanier, G. B. (1976) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/350547 · Cited by 7,050
Distribution Theory for Glass's Estimator of Effect Size and Related Estimators
Hedges, L. V. (1981) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164588 · Cited by 5,695
The Handbook of Research Synthesis.
Howel, D., Cooper, H., & Hedges, L. V. (1995) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533295 · Cited by 3,642
Fixed-and random-effects models in meta-analysis.
Hedges, L. V., & Vevea, J. L. (1998) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.3.4.486 · Cited by 2,977
Short Marital-Adjustment and Prediction Tests: Their Reliability and Validity
Locke, H. J., & Wallace, K. M. (1959) · Marriage and Family Living · doi:10.2307/348022 · Cited by 2,913
The longitudinal course of marital quality and stability: A review of theory, method, and research.
Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.118.1.3 · Cited by 2,608
Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (1993) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.48.12.1181 · Cited by 2,033
The Handbook of Research Synthesis.
Light, R. J., Cooper, H., & Hedges, L. V. (1994) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2291021 · Cited by 1,868
Standards of Evidence: Criteria for Efficacy, Effectiveness and Dissemination
Flay, B. R., Biglan, A., Boruch, R. F., Castro, F. G., Gottfredson, D., Kellam, S., Mościcki, E. K., Schinke, S., Valentine, J. C., & Ji, P. (2005) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-005-5553-y · Cited by 1,338
Cited by
Lamont, R. A., Swift, H. J., & Abrams, D. (2015) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0038586 · Cited by 583
Gender Differences in Marital Satisfaction: A Meta‐analysis
Jackson, J. B., Miller, R. B., Oka, M., & Henry, R. G. (2014) · Journal of Marriage and Family · doi:10.1111/jomf.12077 · Cited by 398
Marriage in the New Millennium: A Decade in Review
Fincham, F. D., & Beach, S. R. H. (2010) · Journal of Marriage and Family · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00722.x · Cited by 349
Spencer, C. M., & Stith, S. M. (2020) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838018781101 · Cited by 325
Blanchard, V. L., Hawkins, A. J., Baldwin, S. A., & Fawcett, E. B. (2009) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015211 · Cited by 262
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hawkins, A. J., Blanchard, V. L., Baldwin, S. A., & Fawcett, E. B.
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 723-734
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W2094591448
- Cited by
- 553
- References
- 104
- FWCI
- 29.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Does marriage and relationship education work? A meta-analytic study. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/a0012584
- The paper
- Hawkins, A. J., Blanchard, V. L., Baldwin, S. A., & Fawcett, E. B. (2008). Does marriage and relationship education work? A meta-analytic study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012584
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.