The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ultrasonic vocalizations of rats (Rattus norvegicus) during mating, play, and aggression: Behavioral concomitants, relationship to reward, and self-administration of playback..
Abstract
Rats (Rattus norvegicus) emit a variety of ultrasonic vocalizations throughout their lifespan that reflect different forms of emotional arousal and accompanying affective states. In this study, high frequency recordings of ultrasonic vocalizations were made during mating, aggression, and both conspecific and heterospecific (dubbed "tickling") rough-and-tumble play behavior. We found that frequency modulated 50-kHz calls (trills and step calls) were positively correlated with positively valenced appetitive behavior during mating, play, and aggression. These calls were also positively correlated with the reward value of these social encounters. However, constant frequency (i.e., flat) 50-kHz calls were not related to appetitive behaviors or reward. In contrast, 22-kHz calls were positively related to aversive/withdrawal behaviors during mating, play, and aggression. Finally, we found that rats self-administered playback of frequency modulated 50-kHz trill calls and avoided playback of 22-kHz calls. Playback of flat 50-kHz calls or tape hiss was neutral. These results suggest that frequency modulated 50-kHz calls index a positively valenced, appetitive, social-emotional state in rats.
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“Trill calls are seen to be most clearly associated with positive affect ( Burgdorf et al., 2008) whereas flat calls are thought to be more involved in social communication ( Wöhr et al., 2008).”
From Stage 2 Registered Report: Refinement of tickling protocols to improve positive animal welfare in laboratory rats (2025) · cites this paper as Burgdorf et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“22kHz USVs are emitted as alarm signals, and frequency modulating USVs are thought to convey positive affect39.”
From Insular cortex mediates approach and avoidance responses to social affective stimuli (2018) · cites this paper as [39]
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Cites
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Self-citationFalk, J. L. (1973) · Contemporary Psychology · doi:10.1037/0011818 · Cited by 2,288
Subcortical and cortical brain activity during the feeling of self-generated emotions
Damasio, A. R., Grabowski, T. J., Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Ponto, L. L. B., Parvizi, J., & Hichwa, R. D. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/79871 · Cited by 2,117
Barrett, L. F. (2006) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00003.x · Cited by 1,859
Ikemoto, S., & Panksepp, J. (1999) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(99)00023-5 · Cited by 1,450
Self-citationAffective consciousness: core emotional feelings in animals and humans.
Panksepp, J. (2005) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2004.10.004 · Cited by 1,217
Self-citationNeural pathways underlying vocal control
Jürgens, U. (2002) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(01)00068-9 · Cited by 871
Berridge, K. C. (2003) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0278-2626(03)00014-9 · Cited by 701
Ultrasonic vocalizations as indices of affective states in rats
Knutson, B., Burgdorf, J., & Panksepp, J. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.6.961 · Cited by 618
Self-citationPanksepp, J. (1981) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.420140405 · Cited by 537
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Ethotransmission: communication of emotional states through ultrasonic vocalization in rats.
Brudzynski, S. M. (2013) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.014 · Cited by 416
The pleasures of play: pharmacological insights into social reward mechanisms
Trezza, V., Baarendse, P. J. J., & Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J. (2010) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2010.06.008 · Cited by 372
Wright, J. M., Gourdon, J. C., & Clarke, P. B. S. (2010) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1859-y · Cited by 362
Insular cortex mediates approach and avoidance responses to social affective stimuli
Rogers-Carter, M. M., Varela, J. A., Gribbons, K. B., Pierce, A. F., McGoey, M. T., Ritchey, M., & Christianson, J. P. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0071-y · Cited by 277
Ultrasonic Communication in Rats: Can Playback of 50-kHz Calls Induce Approach Behavior?
Wöhr, M., & Schwarting, R. K. W. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001365 · Cited by 266
Metadata
- Authors
- Burgdorf, J., Kroes, R. A., Moskal, J. R., Pfaus, J. G., Brudzynski, S. M., & Panksepp, J.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Concordia University (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative Psychology
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 357-367
- ISSN
- 0093-4127 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2087
- 0735-7036
- OpenAlex
- W2016603062
- Cited by
- 469
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 12.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of comparative psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- ultrasonic vocalizations, rats, 50-kHz calls, 22-kHz calls, frequency modulation, mating behavior, aggression, rough-and-tumble play, tickling, reward value, self-administration, playback, emotional arousal, aversive behavior
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aggression, Animals, Appetitive Behavior, Emotions, Fear, Play and Playthings, Reward, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Social Isolation, Sound Spectrography, Ultrasonics, Vocalization, Animal, Rats
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