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Main predictions of the interpersonal–psychological theory of suicidal behavior: Empirical tests in two samples of young adults
Open accessAbstract
The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior (T. E. Joiner, 2005) makes 2 overarching predictions: (a) that perceptions of burdening others and of social alienation combine to instill the desire for death and (b) that individuals will not act on the desire for death unless they have developed the capability to do so. This capability develops through exposure and thus habituation to painful and/or fearsome experiences and is posited by the theory to be necessary for overcoming powerful self-preservation pressures. Two studies tested these predictions. In Study 1, the interaction of (low) family social support (cf. social alienation or low belonging) and feeling that one does not matter (cf. perceived burdensomeness) predicted current suicidal ideation, beyond depression indices. In Study 2, the 3-way interaction among a measure of low belonging, a measure of perceived burdensomeness, and lifetime number of suicide attempts (viewed as a strong predictor of the level of acquired capability for suicide) predicted current suicide attempt (vs. ideation) among a clinical sample of suicidal young adults, again beyond depression indices and other key covariates. Implications for the understanding, treatment, and prevention of suicidal behavior are discussed.
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“This theory is supported by several empirical studies linking thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness to greater suicide risk (for a systematic review and meta-analysis, see Chu et al., 2017). Notably, however, these studies yielded small-to-moderate effects (Chu et al., 2017; Joiner et al., 2009).”
From Toward objective characterizations of suicide risk: A narrative review of laboratory-based cognitive and behavioral tasks (2023) · cites this paper as Joiner et al., 2009
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“A prediction that more students might use mental health services if delivered by an ISA is consonant with the patterns of reports of typical student outreach to counseling or therapy resources (20% and 4%) versus our Selected Group’s engagement on these topics with Replika (43%) (Appendix A)41.”
From Loneliness and suicide mitigation for students using GPT3-enabled chatbots (2024) · cites this paper as [41]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Joiner, T. E., Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Selby, E. A., Ribeiro, J. D., Lewis, R., & Rudd, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Florida State University (US)
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 634-646
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- PMC
- PMC2846517
- OpenAlex
- W2021844788
- Cited by
- 814
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 23.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (F31 MH077386, F31 MH081396)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, perceived burdensomeness, social alienation, family social support, sense of belonging, acquired capability for suicide, young adults, depression, suicide prevention
- MeSH terms
- Antidepressive Agents, Attitude to Death, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Motivation, Patient Admission, Personality Inventory, Problem Solving, Psychological Theory, Psychometrics, Psychotherapy, Risk Factors, Social Alienation, Social Identification, Social Support, Suicide, Attempted, Comorbidity, Young Adult
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