A multisite comparison of supported housing for chronically homeless adults: “Housing first” versus “residential treatment first”
Open accessAbstract
Both direct placement in supported community housing and pre-treatment with time-limited residential treatment are used as approaches to helping chronically homeless adults exit from homelessness but relative effectiveness and cost remains untested. The current observational study utilized data from a national, multi-site housing project to determine whether clients who receive residential treatment or transitional housing before being placed into independent housing achieve superior outcomes than clients who are immediately placed into independent housing, and whether they incur greater healthcare costs. A total of 709 participants (131 and 578 participants in the respective groups) were assessed every 3 months for 2 years on housing outcomes, community adjustment, work and income, mental and physical health, and health service costs. Clients who received immediate, independent housing had more days in their own place, less days incarcerated, and reported having more choice over treatment; but no differences on other clinical or community adjustment outcomes. In this observational study, there were no clinical advantages for clients who had residential treatment or transitional housing prior to entry into community housing, but they incurred higher substance abuse service costs. Studies using randomized controlled trials of these conditions are needed to establish causation.
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In chronically homeless adults, including veterans and non-veterans, no significant differences were found in substance use seriousness between independent housing and residential treatment/transitional housing groups, with the same finding replicated in a sub-group analysis using only participants with a substance use disorder at baseline.
“No significant differences were found in substance use seriousness between independent housing and residential treatment/transitional housing groups, with same finding being replicated in a sub-group analysis using only participants with a substance use disorder at baseline”
From Harm reduction outcomes and practices in Housing First: A mixed-methods systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as Tsai et al. (2010)
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- Authors
- Tsai, J., Mares, A. S., & Rosenheck, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Services
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 219-232
- ISSN
- 1541-1559 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-148X
- PMC
- PMC3151537
- OpenAlex
- W2153141888
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 9.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Services (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH062994)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Homelessness and Social Issues
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban and Rural Development Challenges
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Keywords
- chronic homelessness, Housing First, residential treatment, transitional housing, health care costs, substance abuse services, mental health, physical health, incarceration, employment and income, community adjustment
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