Cited by 128Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMemory and Neural Mechanisms

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Aversive life events enhance human freezing responses.

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Hagenaars, Muriel A., Stins, John F., Roelofs, Karin·2012·Journal of Experimental Psychology General

DOI 10.1037/a0024211

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Abstract

In the present study, we investigated the effect of prior aversive life events on freezing-like responses. Fifty healthy females were presented neutral, pleasant, and unpleasant images from the International Affective Picture System while standing on a stabilometric platform and wearing a polar band to assess body sway and heart rate. In the total sample, only unpleasant pictures elicited reduced body sway and reduced heart rate (freezing). Moreover, participants who had experienced 1 or more aversive life events showed greater reductions in heart rate for unpleasant versus pleasant pictures than those who had experienced no such event. In addition, relative to no-event participants, single-event participants showed reduced body sway to unpleasant pictures, while multiple-event participants showed reduced body sway in response to all picture categories. These results indicate that aversive life events affect automatic freezing responses and may indicate the cumulative effect of multiple trauma. The experimental paradigm presented is a promising method to study freezing as a primary defense response in trauma-related disorders.

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Authors: Hagenaars, M. A., Stins, J. F., & Roelofs, K.
Affiliations: Leiden University (NL)
Corresponding author: Hagenaars, Muriel A.
ORCID: Hagenaars, Muriel A.
Stins, John F.
Venue: Journal of Experimental Psychology General
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2012
Volume: 141
Issue: 1
Pages: 98-105
ISSN: 0096-3445 (ISSN-L)
1939-2222
DOI: 10.1037/a0024211
OpenAlex: W2151133687
Cited by: 128
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 6.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
research.vu.nl
Licence: other-oa
Locations: Journal of Experimental Psychology General (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (016-105-142, 452-07-008)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: freezing response, trauma, postural sway, heart rate, emotional arousal, cumulative trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Arousal, Emotions, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Life Change Events, Movement, Photic Stimulation, Posture, Surveys and Questionnaires, Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic

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Aversive life events enhance human freezing responses.

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