Military youth and the deployment cycle: Emotional health consequences and recommendations for intervention.
Open accessAbstract
The United States military force includes over 2.2 million volunteer service members. Three out of five service members who are deployed or are preparing for deployment have spouses and/or children. Stressors associated with the deployment cycle can lead to depression, anxiety, and behavior problems in children, as well as psychological distress in the military spouse. Further, the emotional and behavioral health of family members can affect the psychological functioning of the military service member during the deployment and reintegration periods. Despite widespread acknowledgment of the need for emotional and behavioral health services for youth from military families, many professionals in a position to serve them struggle with how to best respond and select appropriate interventions. The purpose of this paper is to provide an empirically based and theoretically informed review to guide service provision and the development of evidence based treatments for military youth in particular. This review includes an overview of stressors associated with the deployment cycle, emotional and behavioral health consequences of deployment on youth and their caretaking parent, and existing preventative and treatment services for youth from military families. It concludes with treatment recommendations for older children and adolescents experiencing emotional and behavioral health symptoms associated with the deployment cycle.
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Service members are exposed to unique stressors, including those specific to pre-deployment, deployment, and post-deployment periods.
“Service members are also exposed to unique stressors, including those specific to pre-deployment, deployment, and post-deployment periods (Esposito-Smythers et al. 2011).”
From Childhood adversity, adult stress, and the risk of major depression or generalized anxiety disorder in US soldiers: a test of the stress sensitization hypothesis (2017) · cites this paper as Esposito-Smythers et al. 2011
The ‘Unique Stressors Associated With the Deployment Cycle’ section (page unavailable) identifies distinct pre-deployment, deployment, and post-deployment phases and says each brings unique stressors, but it describes those stressors primarily for families. The Conclusions (page unavailable) also discuss distress and family-related difficulties affecting service members, so the claim has support, though the source does not clearly assign distinct stressors to service members in each named phase. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Esposito-Smythers, C., Wolff, J., Lemmon, K. M., Bodzy, M., Swenson, R. R., & Spirito, A.
- Affiliations
- George Mason University (US)
- Brown University (US)
- Madigan Army Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Family Psychology
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 497-507
- ISSN
- 0893-3200 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1293
- PMC
- PMC3156864
- OpenAlex
- W2011482466
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 9.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Family Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R34MH082164)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Education › Education and Military Integration
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- military youth, deployment cycle, military families, military spouses, children of deployed parents, depression, anxiety, reintegration, stressors, evidence-based interventions, preventive services, adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Child Behavior, Child Behavior Disorders, Community Mental Health Services, Depressive Disorder, Family Health, Female, Humans, Male, Military Medicine, Military Personnel, Parent-Child Relations, Stress, Psychological, United States, Spouses
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