Neurosequential model of therapeutics in a therapeutic preschool: Implications for work with children with complex neuropsychiatric problems.

Barfield, Sharon; Dobson, Christine; Gaskill, Rick; Perry, Bruce D.

doi:10.1037/a0025955

Cited by 47Child Therapy and DevelopmentPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology ResearchChild Abuse and Trauma

Neurosequential model of therapeutics in a therapeutic preschool: Implications for work with children with complex neuropsychiatric problems.

Open access

Barfield, Sharon, Dobson, Christine, Gaskill, Rick, Perry, Bruce D.·2012·International Journal of Play Therapy

DOI 10.1037/a0025955

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Reprinted with the permission of the Association for Play Therapy. Original citation: Neurosequential model of therapeutics in a therapeutic preschool: Implications for work with children with complex neuropsychiatric problems. \nBarfield, Sharon; Dobson, Christine; Gaskill, Rick; Perry, Bruce D. \nInternational Journal of Play Therapy, Vol 21(1), Jan 2012, 30-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025955

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/a0025955

Cites

19 of 19 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Statistical power analysis
Cohen, J. (1992) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10768783 · Cited by 5,870 · see citing works
The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood: A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology
Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C., Perry, B. D., Dube, S. R., & Giles, W. H. (2006) · European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-005-0624-4 · Cited by 4,292 · cited 1× · see citing works
“There are multiple and complex functional consequences of growing up with chaos, threat, and trauma (Anda et al., 2006; Perry, 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Preventing conduct problems in Head Start children: Strengthening parenting competencies.
Webster-Stratton, C. H. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.66.5.715 · Cited by 852 · see citing works
Play Therapy: The Art of the Relationship
Landreth, G. L. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 749 · see citing works
Examining Child Maltreatment Through a Neurodevelopmental Lens: Clinical Applications of the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics
Perry, B. D. (2009) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325020903004350 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Self-citation
Peer rejection: developmental processes and intervention strategies
Bierman, K. L. (2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-1238 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
The development and ecology of antisocial behavior.
Dishion, T. J., French, D. C., & Patterson, G. R. (1995) · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Risk, disorder, and adaptation
Cicchetti, D., & Cohen, D. J. (1995) · Wiley eBooks · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Prevention of conduct disorder before and after school entry: Relating interventions to developmental findings
Reid, J. B. (1993) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400004375 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Filial therapy: Description and rationale.
Guerney, B. G. (1964) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0041340 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Play therapy: The art of the relationship, 2nd ed.
Landreth, G. L. (2002) · Cited by 257 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of play therapy outcomes
LeBlanc, M. L., & Ritchie, M. H. (2001) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070110059142 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Effect of Treatment Structure on Development in Autistic Children
Schopler, E. (1971) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1971.01750110027005 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
What the research shows about play therapy.
Bratton, S. C., & Ray, D. C. (2000) · International Journal of Play Therapy · doi:10.1037/h0089440 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Working with traumatized youth in child welfare
Webb, N. B. (2006) · Guilford Press eBooks · Cited by 70 · see citing works
High school students as therapeutic agents with young children experiencing school adjustment difficulties: The effectiveness of a filial therapy training model.
Jones, L., Rhine, T., & Bratton, S. C. (2002) · International Journal of Play Therapy · doi:10.1037/h0088864 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Child-Centered Kinder Training for Teachers of Pre-School Children Deemed At-Risk.
Post, P. B., McAllister, M., Sheely‐Moore, A. I., Hess, B. A., & Flowers, C. P. (2004) · International Journal of Play Therapy · doi:10.1037/h0088890 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Meeting the Mental Health Needs of Poor and Vulnerable Children in Early Care and Education Programs.
Azzi‐Lessing, L. (2010) · Early childhood research & practice · Cited by 19 · see citing works
An Investigation of the Efficacy of Play Therapy with Young Children
Brandt, M. A. (1999) · doi:10.12794/metadc2184 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

4 of the 23 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Toxic stress, behavioral health, and the next major era in public health.
Shern, D. L., Blanch, A. K., & Steverman, S. M. (2016) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000120 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Head start early mental health intervention: Effects of child-centered play therapy on disruptive behaviors.
Bratton, S. C., Ceballos, P. L., Sheely‐Moore, A. I., Meany-Walen, K., Pronchenko‐Jain, Y., & Jones, L. (2012) · International Journal of Play Therapy · doi:10.1037/a0030318 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The Role of Preschool as a Point of Intervention and Prevention for Trauma-Exposed Children: Recommendations for Practice, Policy, and Research
Loomis, A. M. (2018) · Topics in Early Childhood Special Education · doi:10.1177/0271121418789254 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Nearly 50 Years of Child Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence Empirical Research: Evidence Mapping, Overarching Themes, and Future Directions
Holmes, M. R., Berg, K. A., Bender, A. E., Evans, K. E., O’Donnell, K. A., & Miller, E. K. (2022) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-021-00349-3 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Neurocognitive considerations in the treatment of attachment and complex trauma in children
Zilberstein, K. (2013) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104513486998 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A multidisciplinary model for treating complex trauma in early childhood.
Ryan, K., Lane, S. J., & Powers, D. (2017) · International Journal of Play Therapy · doi:10.1037/pla0000044 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The Matrix of Needs: Reframing Maslow’s Hierarchy
Bowen, B. (2021) · Health · doi:10.4236/health.2021.135041 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Teacher fidelity to Conscious Discipline and children’s executive function skills
Anderson, K. L., Weimer, M., & Fuhs, M. W. (2019) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2019.08.003 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Restraint and Critical Incident Reduction Following Introduction of the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics (NMT)
Hambrick, E. P., Brawner, T. W., Perry, B. D., Wang, E. Y., Griffin, G., DeMarco, T., Capparelli, C., Grove, T., Maikoetter, M., O’Malley, D., et al. (2018) · Residential Treatment for Children & Youth · doi:10.1080/0886571x.2018.1425651 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Grounding Neuro‐Informed Practice in a Humanistic Framework: A Response to Wilkinson
Beeson, E. T., & Miller, R. (2019) · The Journal of Humanistic Counseling · doi:10.1002/johc.12099 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
An evaluation of play therapy for children and young people with intellectual disabilities
Mora, L., van Sebille, K., & Neill, L. (2018) · Research and Practice in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/23297018.2018.1442739 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Safe Place: Clinical Utility and Feasibility of a Multi-Disciplinary Intervention for Children with Sensory Processing Disorder and Complex Trauma – a Feasibility Study
May-Benson, T. A., & Teasdale, A. (2019) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-019-00281-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Written in the Body?
Lucero, I. (2018) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-018-0205-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Trauma Healing Story. Healing Chronically Traumatised Children Through Their Families/Whanau
Struik, A. (2017) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1002/anzf.1271 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Trauma‐informed care in childcare organisations to support children exposed to child maltreatment: Joint conclusions of four European countries
Dierickx, S., Bisagno, E., Varga‐Sabján, D., Morva, D., Linde‐Ozola, Z., László, N., Cadamuro, A., Mosleh, D. B., Rózsa, M., Fazio, G. L. D., et al. (2023) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.2821 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Treating Chronically Traumatised Children with the Sleeping Dogs Method: Don't Let Sleeping Dogs Lie!
Struik, A. (2017) · Children Australia · doi:10.1017/cha.2017.13 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Including Neuroscience in Social Work Education: Introducing Graduate Students to the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics
Mason, C., Kelly, B. L., & McConchie, V. (2020) · Journal of Teaching in Social Work · doi:10.1080/08841233.2020.1788692 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Examination of protective factors that promote prosocial skill development among children exposed to intimate partner violence
Holmes, M. R., Bender, A. E., Yoon, S., Berg, K. A., Duda-Banwar, J., Chen, Y., Evans, K. E., Korsch-Williams, A. E., & Perzynski, A. T. (2024) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579424000087 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Trauma’s Neurobiological Toll: Implications for Clinical Work With Children
Zilberstein, K. (2014) · Smith College Studies in Social Work · doi:10.1080/00377317.2014.924251 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Occupational therapists' practice with complex trauma: A profile
Mason, J., & Stagnitti, K. E. (2022) · Australian Occupational Therapy Journal · doi:10.1111/1440-1630.12846 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Australian Maltreated Infants and Young Children Can Achieve Positive Relational Health With Neurodevelopmentally- and Trauma-Informed Interventions Provided Within Relationally-Positive and Stable Environments
Cox, A., Frederico, M., Mosse, H., Radford, L., Ambry, D., & Ryan, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.680343 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Therapeutic Day Treatment for Young Maltreated Children: A Systematic Literature Review
Kanine, R. M., Tunno, A. M., Jackson, Y., & O’Connor, B. M. (2015) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-015-0053-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
An Introduction to the Field of Play Therapy
Seymour, J. W. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119140467.ch1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A scoping review on the neurosequential model
Lindenbach, D., Desai, P., Berza, V., Lee, J., Okoye, H., Herman, P., Dimitropoulos, G., Arnold, P. D., & Wang, E. Y. (2025) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107745 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Treatment Effects of Introducing the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics in a Norwegian Residential Treatment Facility for Children Aged 7–13
Johannessen, K. N., Bakken, A.-K. N., Hambrick, E. P., & Solbakken, O. A. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11050503 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Exploring Adherence to Client Treatment Recommendations in the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics
Evans, K. E., Bender, A. E., Rolock, N., Hambrick, E. P., Bai, R., White, K. R., Diamant-Wilson, R., & Bailey, K. A. (2023) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/10497315231160588 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Examining the primary school experiences of intercountry adoptees : perspectives of adoptive parents and children
Sempowicz, T. (2017) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.104288 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Empathy
Gaskill, R. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394260607.ch15 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Overview of Trauma Informed Yoga: Past, Present, and Future
Shapiro, S. L., & Chase, N. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00353-9_33 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Correlations Among Childhood Abuse and Family Violence, Prevention, Assessment, and Treatment from a Trauma-Focused Perspective
Felizzi, M. V., & Rice, K. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-89999-2_172 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Efektivitas Play-Based Intervention Dalam Mengurangi Kecenderungan Perilaku Agresi Pada Siswa Di SMP Negeri 5 Tinggimoncong Satap Buluballea
Rahmah, M. N., Khumas, A., & Asmulyani (2022) · PESHUM Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial dan Humaniora · doi:10.56799/peshum.v1i4.440 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Resiliency
Seymour, J. W. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394260607.ch17 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Play Therapy With Children With Attachment Problems
Patton, S. C., & Benedict, H. E. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119140467.ch19
The Effectiveness of Teacher-Child Interaction Training with Young Maltreated Children
Kanine, R. M. (2016) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)
A Qualitative Case Study: Stories of Healing Children with Disabilities and Play Therapy
Bethel, B. L. (2017) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Strength Based Community Youth Work: Values, Relationship and Practice
Friel, B. (2019) · Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University)
Correlations Among Childhood Abuse and Family Violence, Prevention, Assessment, and Treatment from a Trauma-Focused Perspective
Felizzi, M. V., & Rice, K. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_172-1
THỰC TRẠNG SỬ DỤNG TRỊ LIỆU CHƠI PHÁT TRIỂN KĨ NĂNG CHÚ Ý CHO TRẺ KHUYẾT TẬT TRÍ TUỆ 3 - 6 TUỔI
Thị, M. T. T., & Duy, T. N. (2021) · SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF TAN TRAO UNIVERSITY · doi:10.51453/2354-1431/2021/636
Connor Struggles to Stay in School
Renshaw, K. L. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16938-0_13
Accelerated Psychological Development
Prendiville, S. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394260607.ch19
Sexual Trauma among Girls in Educational Settings
Herring, J. E. (2024) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781032648668
Helping Today’s Teachers be More Trauma-Effective: Results from a Needs Assessment and a Proposed Collaborative School Counseling
Woodliff, T. A., & Coll, K. M. (2023) · Journal of Trauma Studies in Education · doi:10.32674/jtse.v2i1.3658
Two service evaluations of LEAPlets – An early years programme for children in foster care and adoption, based on the BUSS® (Building Underdeveloped Sensorimotor Systems) Model
Lloyd, S., Jones, N., & Smith, D. (2024) · Adoption & Fostering · doi:10.1177/03085759241298289
Nonhierarchical, Multidirectional, and Oscillatory Processing in Neuroscience-Informed Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
Field, T. A., Miller, R., Martin, G. C., Manjarrez, A., & Beeson, E. T. (2025) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.47.3.05
Becoming Trauma Responsive
Lane, J. J., Chow, R., Hambrick, E. P., & Earl, R. (2025) · doi:10.4148/npp.55125
Foundations of Connection: A Play Development Psychoeducation Resource for Enhancing Early Relational Health Through Therapeutic Play
Ward, T., Dunk‐West, P., Gaskill, R., & Parson, J. A. (2026) · International Journal of Systemic Therapy · doi:10.1080/2692398x.2026.2693456
Self-citation
Intervention Programs Implemented for Adoptive Families
Kunt, M., & Avcı, N. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-0031-1.ch011

The neurobiological power of play: Using the neurosequential model of therapeutics to guide play in the healing process.
Gaskill, R. L., & Perry, B. D. (2014) · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citation
Applying Principles of Neurodevelopment to Clinical Work with Maltreated and Traumatized Children: The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics.
Perry, B. D. (2006) · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Self-citation
A multidisciplinary model for treating complex trauma in early childhood.
Ryan, K., Lane, S. J., & Powers, D. (2017) · International Journal of Play Therapy · doi:10.1037/pla0000044 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Examining Child Maltreatment Through a Neurodevelopmental Lens: Clinical Applications of the Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics
Perry, B. D. (2009) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325020903004350 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: An Interview with Bruce Perry
MacKinnon, L. K. (2012) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1017/aft.2012.26 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Authors: Barfield, S., Dobson, C., Gaskill, R., & Perry, B. D.
Affiliations: Wichita State University (US)
ORCID: Perry, Bruce D.
Venue: International Journal of Play Therapy
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2012-01
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 30-44
ISSN: 1555-6824 (ISSN-L)
1939-0629
DOI: 10.1037/a0025955
OpenAlex: W2116940884
Cited by: 47
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 1.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
Locations: International Journal of Play Therapy (publishedVersion)
Holmes Museum Of Anthropology (Wichita State University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Therapy and Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords: early childhood intervention, developmental trauma, neurodevelopmental disorders, play therapy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Neurosequential model of therapeutics in a therapeutic preschool: Implications for work with children with complex neuropsychiatric problems.

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks