Cited by 170Decision-Making and Behavioral EconomicsChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentCognitive Abilities and Testing

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Rational thinking and cognitive sophistication: Development, cognitive abilities, and thinking dispositions.

Toplak, Maggie E., West, Richard F., Stanovich, Keith E.·2014·Developmental Psychology

DOI 10.1037/a0034910

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Abstract

We studied developmental trends in 5 important reasoning tasks that are critical components of the operational definition of rational thinking. The tasks measured denominator neglect, belief bias, base rate sensitivity, resistance to framing, and the tendency toward otherside thinking. In addition to age, we examined 2 other individual difference domains that index cognitive sophistication: cognitive ability (intelligence and executive functioning) and thinking dispositions (actively open-minded thinking, superstitious thinking, and need for cognition). All 5 reasoning domains were consistently related to cognitive sophistication regardless of how it was indexed (age, cognitive ability, thinking dispositions). The implications of these findings for taxonomies of developmental trends in rational thinking tasks are discussed.

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Authors: Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E.
Affiliations: York University (CA)
James Madison University (US)
University of Toronto (CA)
ORCID: Toplak, Maggie E.
Stanovich, Keith E.
Venue: Developmental Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2014
Volume: 50
Issue: 4
Pages: 1037-1048
ISSN: 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
1939-0599
DOI: 10.1037/a0034910
OpenAlex: W2116272087
Cited by: 170
References: 104
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7
FWCI: 5.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
John Templeton Foundation
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords: rational thinking, cognitive sophistication, cognitive development, reasoning, belief bias, framing effects, intelligence, executive function, open-mindedness, superstition, need for cognition, individual differences
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Aptitude, Child, Child Development, Cognition, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Intelligence Tests, Male, Parents, Personality, Psychological Tests, Regression Analysis, Superstitions, Thinking, Executive Function

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Rational thinking and cognitive sophistication: Development, cognitive abilities, and thinking dispositions.

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