Examining the longitudinal association between oppositional defiance and autonomy in adolescence.
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In this longitudinal study, we tested whether the association between oppositional defiance to parental authority (i.e., adolescents' tendency to bluntly reject parental rules) and autonomy would depend upon the specific conceptualization of autonomy. Whereas oppositional defiance would yield more interpersonal distance from parents, because it involves turning away from parental authority, it would also yield less volitional functioning, as oppositional defiance would come at the expense of acting upon one's personal values and interests. A sample of 387 middle and late adolescents (age range = 14-20 years at Time 1) filled out questionnaires at 2 time points, separated by a 2-year interval. With increasing age, adolescents reported less oppositional defiance and more volitional functioning. Late adolescents in particular reported less interpersonal distance from their parents. Cross-lagged analyses indicated that oppositional defiance predicted increases in interpersonal distance as well as decreases in volitional functioning across time. Conversely, higher scores on volitional functioning predicted decreases in oppositional defiance. These findings emphasize the necessity of a differentiated approach to autonomy.
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Although defiance may be undertaken to restore threatened psychological needs and to regain a sense of independence and freedom, longitudinal research suggests that defiant adolescents become increasingly alienated from their personal preferences and interests, experiencing decreasing autonomy over time.
“Although defiance may be undertaken to restore threatened psychological needs and to regain a sense of independence and freedom, longitudinal research suggests that defiant adolescents become increasingly alienated from their personal preferences and interests, experiencing decreasing autonomy over time (Van Petegem et al. 2015b).”
From Basic psychological need theory: Advancements, critical themes, and future directions (2020) · cites this paper as Van Petegem et al. 2015b
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Self-citationVan Petegem, S., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., & Beyers, W. (2015) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12355 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Self-citationAn illustration of a longitudinal cross-lagged design for larger structural equation models
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“Factor loadings were set equal across time and measurement errors of the same indicators were allowed to covary (Burkholder & Harlow, 2003).”
BackgroundVansteenkiste, M., Soenens, B., Van Petegem, S., & Duriez, B. (2014) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0032972 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Jingle–Jangle Fallacy in Adolescent Autonomy in the Family: In Search of an Underlying Structure
Van Petegem, S., Vansteenkiste, M., & Beyers, W. (2013) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9847-7 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
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Basic psychological need theory: Advancements, critical themes, and future directions
Vansteenkiste, M., Ryan, R. M., & Soenens, B. (2020) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-019-09818-1 · Cited by 1,891 · see citing works
Self-citationAelterman, N., Vansteenkiste, M., Soenens, B., & Haerens, L. (2016) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.12.001 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationLegault, L., Ray, K., Hudgins, A., Pelosi, M., & Shannon, W. (2017) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-016-9593-3 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Van Petegem, S., Zimmer-Gembeck, M., Baudat, S., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., & Zimmermann, G. (2019) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2019.101073 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Van Petegem, S., Vansteenkiste, M., Soenens, B., Beyers, W., & Aelterman, N.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Venue
- Developmental Psychology
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 67-74
- ISSN
- 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0599
- OpenAlex
- W2032572496
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 3.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- biblio.ugent.be
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- adolescent autonomy, interpersonal distance, parent-adolescent relationships, parental authority, middle adolescence, late adolescence
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Age Factors, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Negativism, Parent-Child Relations, Volition, Parenting, Personal Autonomy, Young Adult
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