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Cited by 26Sexual Assault and Victimization StudiesChild Abuse and TraumaIntimate Partner and Family Violence

A person-centered approach to examining heterogeneity and subgroups among survivors of sexual assault.

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Masters, N. Tatiana, Stappenbeck, Cynthia A., Kaysen, Debra, Kajumulo, Kelly F., Davis, Kelly Cue, George, William H., Norris, Jeanette, Heiman, Julia R.·2015·Journal of Abnormal Psychology
DOI 10.1037/abn0000055PMC PMC4573799
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Abstract

This study identified subgroups of female sexual assault survivors based on characteristics of their victimization experiences, validated the subgroup structure in a second cohort of women recruited identically to the first, and examined subgroups' differential associations with sexual risk/safety behavior, heavy episodic drinking (HED), psychological distress symptomatology, incarceration, transactional sex, and experiences with controlling and violent partners. The community sample consisted of 667 female survivors of adolescent or adult sexual assault who were 21 to 30 years old (M = 24.78, SD = 2.66). Eligibility criteria included having unprotected sex within the past year, other HIV/STI risk factors, and some experience with HED, but without alcohol problems or dependence. Latent class analyses (LCA) were used to identify subgroups of women with similar victimization experiences. Three groups were identified and validated across 2 cohorts of women using multiple-group LCA: contact or attempted assault (17% of the sample), incapacitated assault (52%), and forceful severe assault (31%). Groups did not differ in their sexual risk/safety behavior. Women in the forceful severe category had higher levels of anxiety, depression, and trauma symptoms; higher proportions of incarceration and transactional sex; and more experiences with controlling and violent partners than did women in the other 2 groups. Women in the forceful severe category also reported a higher frequency of HED than women in the incapacitated category. Different types of assault experiences appear to be differentially associated with negative outcomes. Understanding heterogeneity and subgroups among sexual assault survivors has implications for improving clinical care and contributing to recovery.

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  • Some studies have found greater use of force, threat or injury for NDFSA that could explain greater PTS for this group.

    “some studies have found greater use of force, threat or injury for NDFSA that could explain greater PTS for this group (Abbey, Clinton, McAuslan, Zawacki, & Buck, 2002; Masters et al., 2015).”

    From Drug-facilitated sexual assault, impaired trauma memory, and implications for mental health treatment (2022) · cites this paper as Masters et al., 2015

    The Results (Victimization Profiles; Between-Class Comparisons, page unavailable) report that the Forceful Severe Assault group was more likely than the Incapacitated Assault group to report injury and had higher trauma symptoms. But the paper does not compare NDFSA with DFSA as such: its incapacitated group includes assaults involving either voluntary or involuntary alcohol or drug consumption, and the cited results do not establish greater threat specifically for NDFSA. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Masters, N. T., Stappenbeck, C. A., Kaysen, D., Kajumulo, K. F., Davis, K. C., George, W. H., Norris, J., & Heiman, J. R.
Affiliations
  • University of Washington (US)
  • Indiana University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2015-08
Volume
124
Issue
3
Pages
685-696
ISSN
  • 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1846
DOI
10.1037/abn0000055
PMC
PMC4573799
OpenAlex
W2189525186
Cited by
26
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3
FWCI
5.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01 AA016281-01A2)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Keywords
sexual assault survivors, binge drinking, psychological distress, trauma symptoms, incarceration, transactional sex, intimate partner violence, sexual risk behavior, adolescent sexual assault, young adult women
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Depression, Female, Humans, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk-Taking, Sex Offenses, Survivors, Crime Victims, Unsafe Sex, Young Adult

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