Empirically derived subtypes of lifetime anxiety disorders: Developmental and clinical correlates in U.S. Adolescents.
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OBJECTIVE: The current study examined the sex- and age-specific structure and comorbidity of lifetime anxiety disorders among U.S. adolescents. METHOD: The sample consisted of 2,539 adolescents (1,505 females and 1,034 males) from the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement who met criteria for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev. [DSM-IV-TR]) lifetime anxiety disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Adolescents ranged in age from 13 to 18 years (M = 15.2 years, SE = 0.08 years) and were 39% non-White. Multiple-group latent class analysis was conducted by adolescent sex and age to identify subgroups of adolescents with similar anxiety disorder profiles. Developmental and clinical correlates of empirically derived classes were also examined to assess the nomological validity of identified subgroups. RESULTS: A 7-class solution provided the best fit to the data, with classes defined primarily by one rather than multiple anxiety disorders. Results also indicated that classes displayed similar diagnostic profiles across age, but varied by sex. Classes characterized by multiple anxiety disorders were consistently associated with a greater degree of persistence, clinical severity, impairment, and comorbidity with other DSM-IV-TR psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The presentation of lifetime anxiety disorders among adolescents and the observation of unique correlates of specific classes provide initial evidence for the utility of individual DSM-IV-TR anxiety disorder categories. Although findings of the present study should be considered preliminary, results emphasize the potential value of early intervention and gender-specific conceptualization and treatment of anxiety disorders.
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In the National Comorbidity Survey, the median age of first onset for generalized anxiety disorder was 9.8 years for males and 10.8 years for females.
“the median age of first onset for generalized anxiety disorder was 9.8 years old and 10.8 years old for males and females, respectively”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Burstein et al., 2012
The Results section, “Developmental Characteristics of Anxiety Disorder Classes by Adolescent Sex” (page unavailable), gives median onset ages of 9.8 years for males and 10.8 years for females in classes characterized primarily by GAD. The Method section identifies the survey as the National Comorbidity Survey–Adolescent Supplement. The figures describe those derived classes, not necessarily all adolescents with GAD, a distinction the claim omits. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the National Comorbidity Survey, the median age of first onset for social phobia was 8.6 years for males and 8.1 years for females.
“the median age of first onset for social phobia was 8.6 years old and 8.1 years old (again, for males and females, respectively; Burstein et al., 2012)”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Burstein et al., 2012
The Results section on developmental characteristics reports sex-specific ages of onset and says classes characterized by social phobia had median onset in middle childhood. Our copy does not give the claimed 8.6 years for males or 8.1 years for females; the reported ages concern anxiety-disorder classes rather than social phobia alone. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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- Authors
- Burstein, M., Georgiades, K., Lamers, F., Swanson, S. A., Cui, L., He, J.-P., Avenevoli, S., & Merikangas, K. R.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 102-115
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- PMC
- PMC3265653
- OpenAlex
- W1965519219
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (U01-MH60220)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA016558)
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (044708)
- John W. Alden Trust
- World Health Organization
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- adolescents, anxiety disorder comorbidity, sex differences, age differences, clinical severity, impairment, persistence, gender-specific treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, United States, Reproducibility of Results, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution
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