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Preventing tobacco and alcohol use among high school students through a hybrid online and in-class intervention: A randomized controlled trial.
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: School-based health promotion programs can have a positive effect on behavioral and social outcomes among adolescents. Yet, limited classroom time and suboptimal program implementation can reduce the potential impact of these interventions. In the present randomized trial, we tested the effectiveness of a classroom-based substance use prevention program that was adapted for hybrid implementation. METHOD: = 1,235) completed confidential online pretest and posttest surveys to assess the effects of the intervention on tobacco and alcohol use and life skills. The sample was 50.7% female and 35.5% non-White with a mean age of 15.2 years. RESULTS: Analyses revealed significant program effects on current cigarette smoking, alcohol use, drunkenness, and intentions for future use. There were also program effects for communication, media resistance, anxiety management, and refusal skills. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these findings suggest that hybrid approaches can produce robust prevention effects and may help reduce barriers to the widespread adoption and implementation of evidence-based prevention programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
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HS-LST is a universal skill-building program targeting psychological, social, cognitive, and attitudinal determinants associated with substance use.
“HS-LST is a universal skill-building program that targets psychological, social, cognitive, and attitudinal determinants associated with substance use [11,14].”
From Effectiveness of the Botvin High School LifeSkills Training Intervention on Adolescent Substance Use: A Cluster Randomized Trial (2026) · cites this paper as [14]
A recent study tested the HS-LST program in a hybrid format with e-learning modules and found program effects on reduced smoking, alcohol use, intentions, and several intermediate skills at post-test.
“For example, a recent study tested the program in a hybrid format with e-learning modules and found program effects on reduced smoking, alcohol use, intentions, and several intermediate skills at post-test [14].”
From Effectiveness of the Botvin High School LifeSkills Training Intervention on Adolescent Substance Use: A Cluster Randomized Trial (2026) · cites this paper as [14]
In that hybrid study, intervention effects were tested using one-tailed significance tests; under conventional two-tailed criteria, no behavioral outcomes remained statistically significant.
“However, a key limitation is that intervention effects were tested using one-tailed significance tests; under conventional two-tailed criteria, no behavioral outcomes remained statistically significant.”
From Effectiveness of the Botvin High School LifeSkills Training Intervention on Adolescent Substance Use: A Cluster Randomized Trial (2026) · cites this paper as [14]
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Little, M. A., Mallawaarachchi, I. V., Pilehvari, A., Velmurugan, P., Wester, A. G., & Wiseman, K. P. (2025) · Tobacco Prevention & Cessation · doi:10.18332/tpc/204746 · Cited by 2
Steeger, C. M., Combs, K. M., Racz, S. J., Brooks-Russell, A., Lain, M. A., Drewelow, K., Zaugg, S., Denker, H. K., & Hill, K. G. (2026) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2026.02.024
Little, M. A., Pilehvari, A., Mallawaarachchi, I. V., Price, A. J., Chandler, K., Wester, A. G., & Wiseman, K. P. (2026) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2026.113298
Metadata
- Authors
- Williams, C., Griffin, K. W., Sousa, S. M., & Botvin, G. J.
- Affiliations
- National Health Promotion Associates (US)
- George Mason University (US)
- Venue
- Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
- Published
- 2025-09
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 528-540
- ISSN
- 0893-164X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1501
- OpenAlex
- W4407991161
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 2.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Status
- Retracted
- Update notices
- retraction (2026-02-02)
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychology of Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R44DA043273)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › School Health and Nursing Education
- Keywords
- substance use prevention, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, high school students, adolescents, hybrid intervention, school health promotion, life skills, refusal skills, media resistance, anxiety reduction, communication skills, smoking, drunkenness, program implementation
- MeSH terms
- Underage Drinking, Cigarette Smoking, Smoking Prevention, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholic Intoxication, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Male, School Health Services, Schools, Students
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