CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 226Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsSleep and related disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Randomized controlled trial of prolonged exposure using imaginal exposure vs. virtual reality exposure in active duty soldiers with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Open access
Reger, Greg M., Koenen-Woods, Patricia, Zetocha, Kimberlee, Smolenski, Derek J., Holloway, Kevin M., Rothbaum, Barbara O., Difede, JoAnn, Rizzo, Albert A., Edwards-Stewart, Amanda, Skopp, Nancy A., Mishkind, Matthew, Reger, Mark A., Gahm, Gregory A.·2016·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
DOI 10.1037/ccp0000134
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Prolonged exposure (PE) is an evidence-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but there is limited research with active-duty military populations. Virtual reality exposure (VRE) has shown promise but randomized trials are needed to evaluate efficacy relative to existing standards of care. This study evaluated the efficacy of VRE and PE for active duty soldiers with PTSD from deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan. METHOD: Active-duty soldiers (N = 162) were randomized to 10-sessions of PE, VRE, or a minimal attention waitlist (WL). Blinded assessors evaluated symptoms at baseline, halfway through treatment, at posttreatment, and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). RESULTS: Intent-to-treat analyses found that both PE and VRE resulted in significant reductions in PTSD symptoms relative to those in the WL. The majority of patients demonstrated reliable change in PTSD symptoms. There was no difference between PE and VRE regarding treatment drop out before completing 10 sessions (44 and 41% for VRE and PE, respectively). Contrary to hypotheses, analyses at posttreatment did not show that VRE was superior to PE. Post hoc analyses found that PE resulted in significantly greater symptom reductions than VRE at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Both treatments significantly reduced self-reported stigma. CONCLUSIONS: PE is an efficacious treatment for active-duty Army soldiers with PTSD from deployments to Iraq or Afghanistan. Results extend previous evidence supporting the efficacy of PE to active-duty military personnel and raise important questions for future research on VRE. (PsycINFO Database Record

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/ccp0000134

Cites

69 of 69 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 67 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 226

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Reger, G. M., Koenen-Woods, P., Zetocha, K., Smolenski, D. J., Holloway, K. M., Rothbaum, B. O., Difede, J., Rizzo, A. A., Edwards-Stewart, A., Skopp, N. A., Mishkind, M., Reger, M. A., & Gahm, G. A.
Affiliations
  • Emory University (US)
  • Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
  • University of Southern California (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2016-11
Volume
84
Issue
11
Pages
946-959
ISSN
  • 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-2117
DOI
10.1037/ccp0000134
OpenAlex
W2517202283
Cited by
226
References
67
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 1
FWCI
37.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (W81XWH-08-2–0015)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords
prolonged exposure therapy, virtual reality exposure therapy, post-traumatic stress disorder, active duty military personnel, Iraq and Afghanistan deployment, treatment discontinuation, stigma, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale
MeSH terms
Adult, Female, Humans, Implosive Therapy, Male, Military Personnel, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Imagery, Psychotherapy, Young Adult, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review