Controlling images: How awareness of group stereotypes affects Black women’s well-being.
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
This paper presents research exploring how stereotypes that are simultaneously racialized and gendered affect Black women. We investigated the mental and physical health consequences of Black women's awareness that others hold these stereotypes and tested whether this association was moderated by the centrality of racial identity. A structural equation model tested among 609 young Black women revealed that metastereotype awareness (i.e., being aware that others hold negative stereotypes of one's group) predicted negative mental health outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety, hostility), which, in turn, predicted diminished self-care behaviors and greater drug and alcohol use for coping. High racial centrality exacerbated the negative association between metastereotype awareness and self-care. We discuss implications of the findings for clinical practice and for approaches to research using intersectionality frameworks. (PsycINFO Database Record
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In a study of 609 Black women recruited from two college campuses, being aware that others hold negative stereotypes of one's group predicted negative mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, hostility) and impacted diminished self-care behaviors and increased maladaptive behaviors for coping.
“In a study of 609 Black women recruited from two college campuses, researchers (Jerald et al., 2017) found that being aware that others hold negative stereotypes of one's group predicated negative mental health outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety, hostility), and ultimately impacted diminished self-care behaviors and increased maladaptive behaviors for coping.”
From Next Wave of Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome Survivors (2021) · cites this paper as Jerald et al., 2017
Being aware that others hold negative stereotypes about Black women is a predictor of mental health outcomes, including depression.
“This finding is consistent with early research (Jerald et al., 2017) that revealed being aware that others hold negative stereotypes about Black women is a predictor of mental health outcomes, including depression.”
From Next Wave of Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome Survivors (2021) · cites this paper as Jerald et al., 2017
Cites
Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment.
Brewer, R. M., & Collins, P. H. (1992) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2074808 · Cited by 19,445 · see citing works
Crenshaw, K. (2018) · Feminist Legal Theory · doi:10.4324/9780429500480-5 · Cited by 9,510 · see citing works
Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.
Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797 · Cited by 8,181 · see citing works
The brief symptom inventory: an introductory report.
Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700048017 · Cited by 6,650 · see citing works
Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review.
Pascoe, E. A., & Smart Richman, L. (2009) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0016059 · Cited by 4,427 · see citing works
Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis
Cho, S., Crenshaw, K. W., & McCall, L. (2013) · Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society · doi:10.1086/669608 · Cited by 4,126 · see citing works
Writing Group Members, Roger, V. L., Go, A. S., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J. D., Borden, W. B., Bravata, D. M., Dai, S., Ford, E. S., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182456d46 · Cited by 1,512 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Black women report higher levels of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity (National Center for Health Statistics, 2015; Roger et al., 2012) and experience lower cancer survival rates, lower life expectancy, and higher diabetes mortality than other women (Chin, 2015).”
Structural stigma: Research evidence and implications for psychological science.
Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2016) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000068 · Cited by 839 · see citing works
Superwoman Schema: African American Women’s Views on Stress, Strength, and Health
Woods-Giscombé, C. L. (2010) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732310361892 · Cited by 802 · see citing works
Pursuing Intersectionality, Unsettling Dominant Imaginaries
May, V. M. (2015) · Routledge · doi:10.4324/9780203141991 · Cited by 771 · see citing works
Najt, P., Fusar-Poli, P., & Brambilla, P. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.042 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Toward the Development of the Stereotypic Roles for Black Women Scale
Thomas, A. J., Witherspoon, K. M., & Speight, S. L. (2004) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798404266061 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Bynum, M. S., Burton, E. T., & Best, C. (2007) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/1099-9809.13.1.64 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Disinhibition and Expectancy in Risk for Alcohol Use: Comparing Black and White College Samples
McCarthy, D. M., Miller, T. L., Smith, G. T., & Smith, J. A. (2001) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.2001.62.313 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Back to the Future: Achieving Health Equity Through Health Informatics and Digital Health
Brewer, L. C., Fortuna, K. L., Jones, C., Walker, R., Hayes, S. N., Patten, C. A., & Cooper, L. A. (2020) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/14512 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
A Sociocultural Examination of Body Image among Black Women
Watson, L. B., Lewis, J. A., & Moody, A. T. (2019) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.03.008 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
We Tried to Tell Y'All: Black Twitter and the Rise of Digital Counternarratives
Clark, M. D. (2025) · Oxford University Press · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190068141.001.0001 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Next Wave of Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome Survivors
Rodgers, S. T. (2021) · Advances in Social Work · doi:10.18060/24159 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
We Wish to Tweet Our Own Cause—Theorizing Black Twitter
Clark, M. D. (2025) · We Tried to Tell Y'All · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190068141.003.0002
- Authors
- Jerald, M. C., Cole, E. R., Ward, L. M., & Avery, L. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of Virginia (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Counseling Psychology
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 487-499
- ISSN
- 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2168
- OpenAlex
- W2767121282
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 20.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Counseling Psychology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
- Keywords
- racial stereotypes, gender stereotypes, Black women, young Black women, mental health, depression, anxiety, hostility, self-care behavior, substance use coping, intersectionality
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Awareness, Black or African American, Depression, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Personal Satisfaction, Self Care, Stereotyping, Young Adult, Racism, Sexism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
