The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Serial order effects in short-term memory
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In the citing paper
“people have working memory constraints in that they can only remember a small number of items”
From Ten simple rules for structuring papers (2017) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“are better at remembering the beginning and the end of a list than the middle [5]”
From Ten simple rules for structuring papers (2017) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
Cites
Lane, S. D. (2016) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315506173-8 · Cited by 4,707
The Teacher's Word Book of 30, 000 Words
Thorndike, E. L., & Lorge, I. D. (2018) · Cited by 2,656
The serial position effect of free recall.
Murdock, B. B. (1962) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0045106 · Cited by 1,717
Information Theory and Coding.
Good, I. J., & Abramson, N. (1964) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2343598 · Cited by 1,086
A Multicomponent Theory of The Memory Trace
Bower, G. H. (1967) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60515-0 · Cited by 366
The distinctiveness of stimuli.
Murdock, B. B. (1960) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0042382 · Cited by 276
Sources of intratrial interference in immediate recall of paired associates
Tulving, E., & Arbuckle, T. Y. (1963) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(63)80012-2 · Cited by 202
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN SHORT‐TERM MEMORY
Murdock, B. B. (1967) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1967.tb01099.x · Cited by 158
Flow of information within the organism
Broadbent, D. Ε. (1963) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(63)80065-1 · Cited by 116
Acquisition and retention in short-term memory.
Norman, D. A. (1966) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0023647 · Cited by 106
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Items 101–127 of 127
Bosshardt, H.-G. (1975) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/bf00309035 · Cited by 3
New Patient Education Video on Colonoscopy Preparation: Development and Evaluation Study
Bernstein, M. T., Garber, J., Faucher, P., Reynolds, K., Restall, G. J., Walker, J. R., & Singh, H. (2020) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/15353 · Cited by 3
“Murdock [21] published an influential paper describing the U-shaped serial position curve that depicts the order effects of recall occurring in short-term memory.”
BackgroundMurdock, B. B., & Smith, D. (2005) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03193056 · Cited by 3
“Probe tests in serial recall almost invariably show recency and not primacy (e.g., Murdock, 1968).”
BackgroundDistinctiveness in short-term memory
Detterman, D. K., & Ellis, N. R. (1971) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03332590 · Cited by 3
Independence of serial position and response conflict in pre-planned manual response sequences
Wühr, P., & Koch, I. (2011) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.07.004 · Cited by 2
“Whereas the primacy model of Page and Norris (1998) predicts activation gradients for short-termmemory of sequences, the forward-inhibition model of Estes (1972) predicts activation gradients for long-termmemory of response sequences.”
BackgroundDynamic resource allocation in spatial working memory during full and partial report tasks
McAteer, S. M., Ablott, E., McGregor, A., & Smith, D. T. (2023) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/jov.23.2.10 · Cited by 3
“There is also a small recency effect, where performance improves for the final item in the sequence (Murdock, 1968; Saint-Aubin & Poirier, 2000).”
Response latency and serial position in short-term memory
Fuchs, A. H. (1971) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03332501 · Cited by 2
Distinctiveness and Serial Position in Short-Term Memory for Lifted Weights
Detterman, D. K. (1974) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422003 · Cited by 2
Order of report and coding in memory.
Taub, H. A., & Monty, R. A. (1970) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0028560 · Cited by 2
Some limiting conditions of Crowder's context effect
Bunt, A. A. (1976) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(76)90009-3 · Cited by 2
Evaluating the validity of testimony: The role of the order of evidence
Otgaar, H., Beuf, T. L. F. D., Sauerland, M., & Schincariol, A. (2024) · Forensic Science International Synergy · doi:10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100562 · Cited by 1
Verbal short-term memory:cognitive and neuroscientific tests of a perceptual-gestural account
Kozlov, M. D. (2012) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 1
The Recall Dynamics of Importance in Delayed Free Recall
Stefanidi, A. (2015) · Arizona State University Library Digital Repository (Arizona State University) · Cited by 1
Serial Position and Growth Curves in Demand Concept Recall
Gadway, C. J. (1970) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1970.30.1.139
Repetition effects and the ordered recall of categorized serial lists
Craig, J. R., & Bartz, W. H. (1969) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03336433
THE EFFECTS OF OVERLEARNING ON BACKWARD SERIAL LEARNING
Yamagata, K. (1970) · The Japanese journal of psychology · doi:10.4992/jjpsy.41.9
On representation in short-term memory: a developmental study
Subramanium, S. (1972) · doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-664
A functional model of memory based on physiological and verbal learning data
Kincaid, J. P. (1969) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e541142008-001
Human Memory Models for Operator Simulation
Dennis, S. J., Boland, S. W., Humphreys, M. S., Savvas, S., & Loft, S. D. (2013)
Foldi, N. S., Taylor, K. I., Monsch, A. U., Sollberger, M. A., & Kivisaari, S. L. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/662742
(1976) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-019615-2.50010-4
Varianzanalyse versus Strukturgleichungsmodell – ein Vergleich aus der Praxis
Wirth, T., & Klein, H.-W. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-39625-1_5
A cognitive nose? Evaluating working memory benchmarks in the olfactory domain
White, T. L., Cedrés, N., & Olofsson, J. (2025) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjaf008 · Cited by 1
“Accuracy in performing WM tasks is reduced as the number of items to remember increases (e.g. Murdock 1968).”
Self-reported conversation success in groups involving adults with normal and impaired hearing
Nicoras, R., Fischer, R.-L., Naylor, G., Smeds, K., & Hadley, L. V. (2025) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1080/14992027.2025.2514584
“This suggests a recency effect (Murdock 1968).”
Costa, A. C. S., Brandão, A. C., Leiva, V., Taylor, H. G., Johnson, M. W., Salmona, P., Abreu-Silveira, G., Scheidemantel, T., Roizen, N., Ruedrich, S., et al. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15111164
“Primacy and Recency Effects for the CVLT-II-sf Primacy and recency effects are thought to represent an interaction in the recruitment of working memory and long term-memory systems required to recall supraspan word lists [31–33].”
Trial Frequency Outweighs Trial Duration in Associative Learning: Generality and Boundary Conditions
Witnauer, J. E., Chew, S., Powell, J., Murphy, R. A., & Miller, R. R. (2025) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218251397965
“In free recall situations, increases in list length produce similar opposing changes in proportion correct and number correct (Murdock, 1968).”
Auditory and Visual Sensory Stores: a Recognition Task
Richardson, J. P. (2000) · doi:10.15760/etd.1557
Metadata
- Authors
- Murdock, B. B.
- Corresponding author
- Murdock, Bennet B.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology
- Published
- 1968
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 4, Pt.2
- Pages
- 1-15
- ISSN
- 0022-1015 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1964055810
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 10.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- serial order effects, short-term memory, memory span, serial position
- MeSH terms
- Cues, Humans, Memory, Mental Processes, Methods, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning
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