The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Directional statistical decisions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use
Baumrind, D. (1991) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431691111004 · Cited by 3,985
Null hypothesis significance testing: a review of an old and continuing controversy
Nickerson, R. S. (2000) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.5.2.241 · Cited by 1,090
Theory-Testing in Psychology and Physics: A Methodological Paradox
Meehl, P. E. (1967) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/288135 · Cited by 962
Affiliate Stigma Among Caregivers of People with Intellectual Disability or Mental Illness
Mak, W. W. S., & Cheung, R. Y. M. (2008) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/j.1468-3148.2008.00426.x · Cited by 508
Tryon, W. W. (2001) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.6.4.371 · Cited by 391
Metadata
- Authors
- Kaiser, H. F.
- Venue
- Psychological Review
- Published
- 1960-05
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 160-167
- ISSN
- 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1471
- OpenAlex
- W2091509754
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 3.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Directional statistical decisions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/h0047595
- The paper
- Kaiser, H. F. (1960). Directional statistical decisions. Psychological Review. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0047595
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
