The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stimulus information as a determinant of reaction time.
Abstract
In the typical reaction-time experiment, S's reaction time is greater when he has to respond differentially to one of two equally probable stimuli instead of to just one stimulus. In fact, Merkel (2), using one to ten alternatives, has demonstrated that when S has to respond to one stimulus chosen from a number of equally probable alternatives, his reaction time increases with the number of alternatives. The fact that S's response to stimulus A takes more time when A is one of several rather than one of two equally probable alternatives is of intrinsic interest. But it becomes even more significant when looked at from the standpoint of modern communication theory. In communication theory the amount of information which a message conveys is an increasing function of the number of possible messages from which that particular message could have been selected. The S's reaction time seems to behave,
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“The Hick-Hyman law (Hyman, 1953; Welford, 1980) states that t = c+klogb where b is the number of equally likely response alternatives, c and k are constants, and t the average response time.”
From Selection from alphabetic and numeric menu trees using a touch screen: breadth, depth, and width (1985) · cites this paper as Hyman, 1953
In the citing paper
“Thus, both the HickHyman and Fitts' laws must hold, and there must be no substantial contribution from any other processes, e.g. scanning, that is other than a log or constant function of number of alternatives.”
From Selection from alphabetic and numeric menu trees using a touch screen: breadth, depth, and width (1985) · cites this paper as Hyman, 1953
Citations
Cites
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Shannon, C. E. (1948) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb00917.x · Cited by 50,201
On the Rate of Gain of Information
Hick, W. E. (1952) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470215208416600 · Cited by 2,279
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Cited by
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The Theory of Event Coding (TEC): A framework for perception and action planning
Hommel, B., Müsseler, J., Aschersleben, G., & Prinz, W. (2001) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x01000103 · Cited by 3,189
Dual coding theory and education
Clark, J. M., & Paivio, A. (1991) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/bf01320076 · Cited by 2,445
“Just as picturenaming slows as the number of alternative labels increases (Paivio et al., 1989), the speed of motor responses similarly decreases with uncertainty (e.g., Fitts and Switzer, 1962; Hyman, 1953).”
BackgroundFitts' Law as a Research and Design Tool in Human-Computer Interaction
MacKenzie, I. S. (1992) · Human–Computer Interaction · doi:10.1207/s15327051hci0701_3 · Cited by 1,637
“Two surviving models are the Hick-Hyman law for choice reaction time (Hick, 1952; Hyman, 1953) and Fitts' law for the channel capacity of the human motor system (Fitts, 1954; Fitts & Peterson, 1964).”
MethodMeyer, D. E., & Kieras, D. (1997) · Psychology Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.104.1.3 · Cited by 1,510
“This is exactly what the response-selection bottleneck model predicts, given that both S-R numerosity and S-R compatibility probably have their main effects on response selection (Fitts & Seeger, 1953; Hick, 1952; Hyman, 1953; Kornblum, Hasbroucq, & Osman, 1990; Sanders, 1980; Sternberg, 1969).”
BackgroundMethodEvent-Related Brain Potentials in Man
Donchin, E., Ritter, W., & McCallum, C. (1978) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-155150-6.x5001-9 · Cited by 956
Metadata
- Authors
- Hyman, R.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hyman, Ray
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology
- Published
- 1953
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 188-196
- ISSN
- 0022-1015 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2014448832
- Cited by
- 1,443
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 6.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- reaction time, stimulus information, number of alternatives, differential response, information theory, stimulus probability, reaction time (psychology)
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Learning, Reaction Time
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