The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Emotional availability: Conceptualization and research findings.
Abstract
The emotional availability construct (based on observations of parent-child interactions) was first reconceptualized for research in 1991 as a way to describe the quality of parent-child interactions. Since then, there has been considerable refinement of the construct. EA refers to several parental dimensions (sensitivity, structuring, non-intrusiveness, non-hostility) and two child dimensions (responsiveness to parent and involvement of parent). The EA empirical link with attachment and parent-child relationship are reviewed and avenues for future research are suggested.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The scale has high inter-rater reliability for parental responsiveness (0.96), involving (0.87), sensitivity (0.93) and structuring (0.76).”
From Early Parenting Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ‘Early PACT’ for parents of infants with cerebral palsy: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [30]
Citations
Cites
Vygotsky, L. S. (1964) · Bulletin of the Orton Society · doi:10.1007/bf02928399 · Cited by 20,704
(1969) · Cited by 18,340
(1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 12,570
Apprenticeship in thinking: cognitive development in social context
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0612 · Cited by 5,420
The Interpersonal World of the Infant
Stern, D. N. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429482137 · Cited by 5,306
The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use
Baumrind, D. (1991) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431691111004 · Cited by 3,985
van IJzendoorn, M. H. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.387 · Cited by 2,243 · cited 1×
“Given the recent debate about the modest effect sizes in predicting attachment from maternal sensitivity (van Uzendoorn, 1995), the EA approach may provide context for a more multifaceted look at the interactional correlates of attachment.”
BackgroundMain, M., & Solomon, J. (2026) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003569978-2 · Cited by 1,978
The Psychological Birth of the Human Infant: Symbiosis and Individuation
Mahler, M. S., Pine, F., & Bergman, A. (1975) · Cited by 1,387
The Insecure/Ambivalent Pattern of Attachment: Theory and Research
Cassidy, J. A., & Berlin, L. J. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00796.x · Cited by 812
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Carter, A. S., Briggs‐Gowan, M. J., & Davis, N. O. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00316.x · Cited by 460
“Maternal sensitivity, structuring, nonintrusiveness and lack of hostility facilitate the infant’s ability to regulate emotion and behavior, and to respond to the mother and others in a responsive and involving manner (Biringen, 2000; Biringen & Robinson, 1991; Robinson, Emde, & Korfmacher, 1997).”
BackgroundPerfectionism in children and their parents: A developmental analysis.
Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Oliver, J. M., & Macdonald, S. (2002) · Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment. · doi:10.1037/10458-004 · Cited by 453
Biringen, Z. C., Derscheid, D. J., Vliegen, N., Closson, L., & Easterbrooks, M. A. (2014) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2014.01.002 · Cited by 403
Self-citationKaplan, L. A., Evans, L. M., & Monk, C. E. (2007) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.06.004 · Cited by 219
“Biringen Z. Emotional availability: conceptualization and research findings.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEmotional availability: Concept, research, and window on developmental psychopathology
Biringen, Z. C., & Easterbrooks, M. A. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000617 · Cited by 197
“The study also features a new system for measuring disorganized attachment beyond infancy, the Middle Childhood Disorganization and Control scales (Bureau, Easterbrooks, Killen, & LyonsRuth, 2006), and includes two measures of early maternal behavior, the Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classi…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Biringen, Z.
- Affiliations
- Colorado State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Biringen, Zeynep
- ORCID
- Biringen, Zeynep
- Venue
- American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
- Published
- 2000
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 104-114
- ISSN
- 0002-9432 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0025
- OpenAlex
- W2045074187
- Cited by
- 338
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 2.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Orthopsychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- emotional availability, parent-child interaction, parental sensitivity, child responsiveness, parental involvement, attachment, parent-child relationship
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
