The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stigma Associated with PTSD: Perceptions of Treatment Seeking Combat Veterans
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although stigma associated with serious mental illness, substance abuse disorders, and depression has been studied very little is known about stigma associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This study explored stigma related to PTSD among treatment-seeking Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) combat veterans. METHOD: Sixteen treatment-seeking OEF/OIF veterans with combat-related PTSD participated in focus groups. We used qualitative methods to explore PTSD-related stigma. RESULTS: Common perceived stereotypes of treatment-seeking veterans with PTSD included labels such as "dangerous/violent," or "crazy," and a belief that combat veterans are responsible for having PTSD. Most participants reported avoiding treatment early on to circumvent a label of mental illness. Participants initially reported experiencing some degree of self-stigma; however, following engagement in treatment they predominantly resisted these stereotypes. Although most participants considered combat-related PTSD as less stigmatizing than other mental illnesses, they reported difficulties with reintegration. Such challenges likely stem from both PTSD symptoms and veterans' perceptions of how the public views them. Most reported that fellow combat veterans best understood them. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Awareness of public stereotypes impacts help seeking at least early in the course of illness. Peer-based outreach and therapy groups may help veterans engage in treatment early and resist stigma.
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““Coding by consensus” in this way by regularly meeting to discuss procedures for assigning codes to segments of data and resolving differences in coding procedures is most consistently used as a measure of reliability in qualitative data analysis in the mental health services area [52,53,54].”
From A Qualitative Study of Participant Feedback on an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Group-Based Intervention for Parents of Youth with Anxiety Disorders. (2026) · cites this paper as [53]
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Qualitative and Mixed Methods in Mental Health Services and Implementation Research
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“, 2013) and convenience sampling (Mittal et al., 2013) or both (Stergiopoulos et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialTrauma-Informed Computing: Towards Safer Technology Experiences for All
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“There are deep cultural and social stigmas around discussing trauma and mental health [119].”
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“For patients with mental health conditions, stigma is a particularly challenging obstacle to care.(5) Geographic barriers can exacerbate this problem, and Veterans in”
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“…veterans with combat-related PTSD self-reported being stereotyped by others as “dangerous/ violent,” “crazy,” “cold-hearted,” “unreliable,” “unstable,” “unfit to raise your kids,” “pissed off at the world,” and as personally responsible for developing PTSD (Mittal et al., 2013: 86–90).”
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“(Stecker et al. , 2007; Visco, 2009; Langston et al. , 2010) or currently in treatment (n=5) (Sayer et al. , 2009; Gibbs et al. , 2011; Mittal et al. , 2013; Zinzow et al. , 2013; Murphy et al. , 2014).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Mittal, D., Drummond, K. L., Blevins, D., Curran, G., Corrigan, P., & Sullivan, G.
- Affiliations
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Health Services Research & Development (US)
- Illinois Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal
- Published
- 2013-06
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 86-92
- ISSN
- 1095-158X (ISSN-L)
- 1559-3126
- OpenAlex
- W1968870138
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 17.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Veterans Affairs
- VA Center for Mental Healthcare & Outcomes Research
- Sponsor name not included (LIP 31-005)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, stigma, combat veterans, self-stigma, help-seeking, stereotypes, Operation Enduring Freedom, Iraq War, social reintegration, peer support, mental health stigma
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Peer Group, Self Concept, Social Support, Stereotyping, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, United States, Veterans, Focus Groups, Qualitative Research, Iraq War, 2003-2011, Afghan Campaign 2001-, Social Stigma
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