The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 32 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
New English and Spanish social health measures will facilitate evaluating health determinants
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To develop psychometrically sound, culturally relevant, and linguistically equivalent English and Spanish self-report measures of social health guided by a comprehensive conceptual model and applicable across chronic illnesses. METHODS: The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Social Health Workgroup implemented a mixed methods approach to evaluate earlier results (v1.0); expand and refine domain definitions and items; translate items into Spanish; and obtain qualitative feedback. Computer-based and paper/pencil questionnaire administration was conducted with a variety of U.S. respondent samples during 2009-2012. Analyses included exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), two-parameter logistic item response theory (IRT) modeling, evaluation of differential item functioning (DIF), and evaluation of criterion and construct validity. RESULTS: Qualitative feedback supported the conceptualization of the Social Health domain framework (Social Function and Social Relationships subcomponents). Validation testing participants (n = 2,208 English; n = 644 Spanish) were diverse in terms of gender, age, education, and ethnicity/race. EFA, CFA, and IRT identified 7 unidimensional factors with good model fit. There was no DIF by language, and good evidence of criterion and construct validity. CONCLUSIONS: PROMIS English and Spanish language instruments (v2.0), including computer-adaptive tests and fixed-length short forms, are publicly available for assessment of Social Function (Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities, and Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities) and Social Relationships (Companionship; Emotional, Informational and Instrumental Support; and Social Isolation). Measures of social health will play a key role in applications that use ecologic (or determinants of health) models that emphasize how patients' social environments influence their health.
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“There was no DIF by language, and good evidence of criterion and construct validity.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Abstract > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The convenience samples of English- and Spanish-speaking respondents are adequate for establishing measures applicable across chronic illnesses.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“EFA, CFA and IRT identified seven unidimensional factors with good model fit.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Abstract > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The convenience samples of English- and Spanish-speaking respondents are adequate for establishing measures applicable across chronic illnesses.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was no DIF by language, and good evidence of criterion and construct validity.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Abstract > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The convenience samples of English- and Spanish-speaking respondents are adequate for establishing measures applicable across chronic illnesses.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Qualitative feedback supported the conceptualization of the Social Health domain framework (Social Function and Social Relationships sub-components).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: Qualitative feedback from cancer patients is adequate to support the Social Health domain framework for use across chronic illnesses.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was no DIF by language, and good evidence of criterion and construct validity.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Abstract > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The convenience samples of English- and Spanish-speaking respondents are adequate for establishing measures applicable across chronic illnesses.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Effect sizes were small for Social Relationships (English only).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Criterion and Construct Validity
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Over 90% of respondents had an SEM ≤ 3.0, indicating that the measure provides excellent precision for a large part of the sample.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Respondent Characteristics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After a process of careful item review, the revised Social Function items (v2.0) demonstrated substantial improvements when tested on multiple, diverse samples that varied with respect to health status.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
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In the paper
“The average measures increased monotonically across categories for Ability.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Psychometric Analyses: Spanish
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The average measures increased monotonically across categories.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Respondent Characteristics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Borderline: one of the tests for a substantial claim is unclear. 1
- It may state two separate claims as one. 53
- Probably not a substantial claim. 34
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was no evidence of DIF by language.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Psychometric Analyses: English versus Spanish
Load-bearingTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearBorderline substantial claim. It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Validation testing participants (n=2,208 English; n=644 Spanish) were diverse in terms of gender, age, education and ethnicity/race.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Abstract > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 2,208Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The convenience samples of English- and Spanish-speaking respondents are adequate for establishing measures applicable across chronic illnesses.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“EFA and CFA were then repeated with the reduced item set. EFA identified one factor; CFA had good model fit and no local dependence (see Table 2).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Respondent Characteristics
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All Ability and Satisfaction items fit the IRT models with slopes greater than 2.0 for all but one item and a small mean SEM.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Psychometric Analyses: Spanish
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The item banks can be administered as a CAT, or users can select a fixed-item short form (4, 6, or 8 items) if internet administration is not feasible.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Item Banks and Short Forms
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For each domain or sub-domain, all of the response categories were used; thus, no category collapsing was needed.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Respondent Characteristics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All Ability and Satisfaction items fit the IRT models, with slopes greater than 2.0 for all but one item and a small mean SEM (see Table 2).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Respondent Characteristics
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Social Health Workgroup efforts were reported here, resulting in 136 items measuring seven aspects of social health, each producing a unidimensional item bank that enables users to select subsets of items or CATs from each bank to create efficient measures.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All Companionship, Emotional Support, Informational Support, Instrumental Support and Social Isolation items fit the IRT models, with slopes greater than 2.0 for most items.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Respondent Characteristics
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two items had category inversions in Satisfaction; specifically, the average measure was lower for respondents selecting the highest category (Muchísimo) compared to the average measure for the adjacent category (Mucho).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Psychometric Analyses: Spanish
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For Emotional Support, Informational Support, Instrumental Support and Social Isolation, one factor was identified by EFA. Each CFA had good model fit and no local dependence.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Respondent Characteristics
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Patient feedback, along with expert review by the Social Health Workgroup, resulted in the deletion of a few items, modification of a few items, and the decision to drop the use of a timeframe (“past seven days” or “lately”) for the items.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Domain Definitions, Item Development and Qualitative Patient Feedback
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Spanish translations were modified for a small number of items as a result of the cognitive interviews with native Spanish speakers.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Domain Definitions, Item Development and Qualitative Patient Feedback
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The register (formality) of the word used for “close” (“I feel that I am no longer close to anyone”), had to be lowered by adding an alternative word, while still maintaining a universal understanding of the item.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Domain Definitions, Item Development and Qualitative Patient Feedback
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For Satisfaction and Social Isolation, five and two items, respectively, exhibited some DIF by administration method only (data not shown).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Respondent Characteristics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The translation of “leisure activities” was revised from “actividades de ocio” to “actividades de tiempo livre” since several participants did not understand the word “ocio.””
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Domain Definitions, Item Development and Qualitative Patient Feedback
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The proportion of respondents with an SEM ≤ 3.0 ranged from 59.0% to 84.3%.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Respondent Characteristics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants in the item testing studies were fairly diverse in terms of gender, age and education (Table 1).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Respondent Characteristics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For each Social Function domain, there were no missing data and all of the response categories were used; thus, no category collapsing was needed.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Psychometric Analyses: Spanish
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The initial EFA for Social Support included a total of 54 items (not shown). EFA identified five factors with eigenvalues greater than 1.0.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Respondent Characteristics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Missing data ranged from zero to 5% across items.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Respondent Characteristics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only cross-sectional testing has been performed to date, so there are no data on change or responsiveness.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“The Spanish word used for “holidays” (“Do you have someone with whom you can celebrate holidays?”), “festividades”, proved to be ambiguous, so it was revised to “dias festivos.””
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Domain Definitions, Item Development and Qualitative Patient Feedback
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The focus groups highlighted the need to include a negative aspect of Social Relationships (Social Isolation) while corroborating the need to include different kinds of Social Support (e.g., instrumental and emotional).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Domain Definitions, Item Development and Qualitative Patient Feedback
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The CFA for Satisfaction had acceptable model fit; one item pair exhibited local dependence.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Psychometric Analyses: Spanish
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cognitive interview responses supported a framework in which Social Function is comprised of Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities and Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities domains, with both including the contexts of family, friends, work and leisure.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Domain Definitions, Item Development and Qualitative Patient Feedback
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several items were considered too long and confusing, and a few participants reported having to read some items more than once to understand them.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Domain Definitions, Item Development and Qualitative Patient Feedback
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After removing nine items that cross-loaded on multiple factors, the EFA was repeated. Four factors were identified (Companionship, Emotional Support, Informational Support, Instrumental Support) and all items loaded on their hypothesized factors (item loadings, 0.53 to 0.91; see supplemental Table B).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Respondent Characteristics
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Items for Social Relationships have been translated into Spanish but not yet tested or evaluated for criterion and construct validity.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each CFA had good model fit and no local dependence (all residual correlations <0.20).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Respondent Characteristics
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As hypothesized, respondents without comorbidities had higher Ability and Satisfaction scores compared to those with comorbidities (English effect sizes, 0.94 and 0.85, respectively; Spanish effect sizes, 0.79 and 0.50, respectively; Table 4).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Criterion and Construct Validity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The CFA for Companionship had good model fit (CFI, 0.99) and no local dependence.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Respondent Characteristics
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When asked what relevant questions were not included, none of the participants mentioned any missing content in Social Health. Instead, they mentioned content covered in other PROMIS domains (e.g., Emotional Health) or currently outside of the PROMIS framework (e.g., patient-provider communication).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Domain Definitions, Item Development and Qualitative Patient Feedback
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likewise, the newly developed English language versions for Social Relationships showed good model fit and discrimination parameters, and good precision for estimating respondent measures.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, Social Support scores for the online panel were lower than the clinical samples (effect sizes, −0.31 to −0.47).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Criterion and Construct Validity
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No items were considered irrelevant or offensive and none of the participants suggested the need to add new items.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Domain Definitions, Item Development and Qualitative Patient Feedback
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The English language samples were primarily non-Hispanic Whites; by design, the Spanish language sample was Hispanic/Latino.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Respondent Characteristics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The CFA for Ability had good model fit and no local dependence (see Table 2).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Psychometric Analyses: Spanish
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“PROMIS initially developed two sets of Social Function items (Ability to Participate and Satisfaction with Participation, v1.0) and tested them in a general population English-speaking sample (Hahn et al., 2010).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hahn et al., 2010
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This is congruent with the biopsychosocial approach adopted by many health psychologists (Engel, 1977, 1980).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Engel, 1977, 1980
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Measures of social health will play a key role in applications that use ecologic (or determinants of health) models that emphasize how patients’ social environments influence their health”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Institute of Medicine, 2003
- Not checked yetcites Institute of Medicine. Committee on Public Health Strategies to Improve Health, 2011
- Not checked yetcites Whitehead, 1995
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: The PROMIS Social Health conceptual model is comprehensive enough to guide development of measures applicable across chronic illnesses.
In the paper
“The PROMIS domain framework for Social Health (v2.0) includes two primary sub-components: Social Function and Social Relationships (McDowell, 2006)”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McDowell, 2006
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) uses the term “participation” to describe social health and functioning, and merges activities and participation into a single taxonomy with multiple domains, including learning, communication, mobility, self-care, interpersonal relationships and social life (World Health Organization, 2001).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites World Health Organization, 2001
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nonetheless, we believe that the fruits of the PROMIS efforts are significant, namely, seven English and Spanish language item banks (v2.0) that achieve broad representation of Social Health and are available for public use (www.assessmentcenter.net), specifically: Social Function (Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities, and Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities) and Social”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“These calibrated item banks are comprised of numerous items that allow for computerized adaptive testing (CAT) and development of multiple short forms of varying length that provide accurate measurement with low response burden (Cella, Gershon, Lai, & Choi, 2007).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cella, Gershon, Lai, & Choi, 2007
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both the English and Spanish versions revealed highly acceptable psychometric properties providing evidence of reliability and validity.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CAT will provide the most precise estimate (score); short forms are based on the same IRT calibrations as a CAT, but will be slightly less precise because they are not targeted to an individual respondent.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Item Banks and Short Forms
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“An SEM of 3.0 or less is generally considered a good indicator of precision because it is roughly equivalent to a reliability of 0.9 and is often used as a cut point for stopping rules in CAT (Babcock & Weiss, 2012).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Method > Psychometric and Statistical Analyses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Babcock & Weiss, 2012
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Social Health includes item content with universal applicability along with comprehensive coverage of social relationships and function.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Instruments are also diverse in their theoretical approach, format, psychometric properties and targeted use (Anatchkova & Bjorner, 2010).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Anatchkova & Bjorner, 2010
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All interview responses were independently reviewed by three raters.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Method > Qualitative Patient Feedback
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The items were translated into Spanish with a multi-step forward-backward process (Eremenco, Cella, & Arnold, 2005; Wild et al., 2005).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Method > Spanish Translations
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Eremenco, Cella, & Arnold, 2005
- Not checked yetcites Wild et al., 2005
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The psychometric analysis methods implemented by PROMIS are working, practical tools, and so might be limited in representing the multidimensional space of social health optimally.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A key distinction between PROMIS and this role functioning item bank is that the latter includes health attribution in each item, e.g., because of health [I] have to stop work. These investigators acknowledge that this decision narrowed the definition of the construct and also made the items longer and more cumbersome.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The decision to create Spanish language versions for self-reported Social Health was driven by the growing number of Hispanics/Latinos (50.5 million) in the U.S., the majority (76%) of whom are Spanish-dominant or bilingual (Pew Hispanic Center, 2011), as well as by the need to have translated measures for use in global research.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pew Hispanic Center, 2011
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: There is a need for translated patient-reported measures for use in global research.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In particular, accurate Spanish language measures will be useful in helping to unravel whether the Hispanic/Latino epidemiologic paradox is substantiated, and whether social support contributes to the health outcomes among Hispanics/Latinos that are often found to be comparable to or better than that of other racial/ethnic groups in the U.S despite their low levels of average income and education”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Eschbach, Ostir, Patel, Markides, & Goodwin, 2004
- Not checked yetcites Franzini, Ribble, & Keddie, 2001
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The main goal of PROMIS was to develop a set of publicly available, efficient and flexible measurements of patient-reported outcomes (Cella et al., 2010).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Method
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cella et al., 2010
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In initial PROMIS testing with a general population sample, 956 respondents answered all 112 items (Hahn, Devellis, et al., 2010).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Method > Domain Definitions and Item Development
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hahn, Devellis, et al., 2010
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 956Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Semi-structured cognitive interviews were conducted on the revised pool of items with 21 English-speaking adults with a variety of cancer diagnoses (mean age, 56 years; 57% Female; 52% White and 33% African-American).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Results > Domain Definitions, Item Development and Qualitative Patient Feedback
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 21Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Results showed that some item refinement was necessary, and that clinical samples should be included in future testing to evaluate our conceptual models and produce measures for use across chronic illnesses.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hahn et al., 2010
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Analyses followed the PROMIS guidelines (Reeve et al., 2007), separately by language.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Method > Psychometric and Statistical Analyses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Reeve et al., 2007
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By using a comprehensive translation methodology and in finding no DIF by language, the Spanish language versions are culturally responsive.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although convenience sampling was used, purposeful enrollment of diverse samples helped to better understand the item bank properties.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The study presented in this article significantly expanded our previous work (Hahn, Devellis, et al., 2010) by developing item banks of Social Relationships in addition to Social Function, comprehensively translating all items, and testing them in English- and Spanish-speaking clinical populations.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hahn, Devellis, et al., 2010
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A recent review identified eight contemporary participation measures with linkages to the ICF, yet these instruments are not equivalent because, even when linked to a single ICF code, items represent different aspects of a dimension (Magasi & Post, 2010).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Magasi & Post, 2010
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Due to respondent burden, it was not possible to add the Social Relationships items.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Method > Participant Recruitment and Assessment Procedures
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Other researchers applied the PROMIS IRT-based item banking approach to develop a generic role functioning item bank in English (Anatchkova, Ware, & Bjorner, 2011).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Anatchkova, Ware, & Bjorner, 2011
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“who constitute the fastest growing group among minority populations that are often underserved in health care settings and excluded from research studies (Garber & Arnold, 2006; Yancey, Ortega, & Kumanyika, 2006).”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Garber & Arnold, 2006
- Not checked yetcites Yancey, Ortega, & Kumanyika, 2006
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The use of common indicators of Social Health will facilitate measurement consistency and comparison across studies and populations, and should enhance understanding of how these variables relate to other aspects of health.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Collectively, the availability of these item banks represents a substantial resource that is now available to investigators and clinicians who wish to accurately assess social function and social relationships using CATs and short form measures.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These item banks have undergone extensive and rigorous qualitative and psychometric assessment, and demonstrate strong properties.”
§ New English and Spanish Social Health Measures Will Facilitate Evaluating Health Determinants > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The PROMIS Social Health conceptual model is comprehensive enough to guide development of measures applicable across chronic illnesses.
“To develop psychometrically sound, culturally relevant and linguistically equivalent English and Spanish self-report measures of social health guided by a comprehensive conceptual model and applicable across chronic illnesses.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The English online panel and clinical samples are comparable enough to pool for psychometric analyses.
“Data from the English online panel and clinical samples were pooled for analysis.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Absence of differential item functioning by language is sufficient to establish linguistic equivalence of the English and Spanish measures.
“There was no DIF by language, and good evidence of criterion and construct validity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The convenience samples of English- and Spanish-speaking respondents are adequate for establishing measures applicable across chronic illnesses.
“PROMIS Social Function and Social Relationships items (v2.0) were administered to several large, diverse, convenience samples manifesting varied clinical problems associated with functional limitation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Qualitative feedback from cancer patients is adequate to support the Social Health domain framework for use across chronic illnesses.
“Focus groups and cognitive interviews were conducted with adults receiving care for cancer in the Chicago metropolitan area (at a private hospital and a safety net county hospital).”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is a need for translated patient-reported measures for use in global research.
“as well as by the need to have translated measures for use in global research.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hahn, E. A., PROMIS Cooperative Group, DeWalt, D. A., Bode, R. K., Garcia, S. F., DeVellis, R. F., Correia, H., & Cella, D.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Venue
- Health Psychology
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 490-499
- ISSN
- 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-7810
- PMC
- PMC4159098
- OpenAlex
- W2075006538
- Cited by
- 368
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 11.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (U01AR52177, U01AR52186, U01AR52181, U01AR52155, U01AR52158, U01AR52170, U01AR52171)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Keywords
- social health, PROMIS, patient-reported outcomes, Spanish translation, cross-cultural validation, social function, interpersonal relationships, social isolation, social support, chronic disease, health determinants, computerized adaptive testing, short form, item response theory
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Chronic Disease, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Qualitative Research, Cultural Competency, Young Adult, Self Report, Social Determinants of Health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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