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The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak: Amplification of public health consequences by media exposure.
Open accessAbstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) has led to a serious outbreak of often severe respiratory disease, which originated in China and has quickly become a global pandemic, with far-reaching consequences that are unprecedented in the modern era. As public health officials seek to contain the virus and mitigate the deleterious effects on worldwide population health, a related threat has emerged: global media exposure to the crisis. We review research suggesting that repeated media exposure to community crisis can lead to increased anxiety, heightened stress responses that can lead to downstream effects on health, and misplaced health-protective and help-seeking behaviors that can overburden health care facilities and tax available resources. We draw from work on previous public health crises (i.e., Ebola and H1N1 outbreaks) and other collective trauma (e.g., terrorist attacks) where media coverage of events had unintended consequences for those at relatively low risk for direct exposure, leading to potentially severe public health repercussions. We conclude with recommendations for individuals, researchers, and public health officials with respect to receiving and providing effective communications during a public health crisis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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“Social media has also fueled the rapid spread of misinformation and rumors, which can create a sense of panic and confusion among the public [76]”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [76]
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“Such media consumption behaviors are linked to increased anxiety, depression, and stress, making interventions that focus on reducing media exposure especially beneficial for this cohort [64,76].”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [76]
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“For example, excessive worry about one's health can lead to inappropriate healthcare seeking behaviour that may, in turn, add further pressure to the already burdened healthcare system [4,5].”
From Brief Online Cognitive Behavioural Intervention for Dysfunctional Worry Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomised Controlled Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
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In the citing paper
“Many studies rely on self-reported data, which may be subject to recall bias, as participants often struggle to accurately estimate their media consumption habits [76].”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [76]
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“As such, online media has a profound impact on society across domains such as marketing10,11, finance12–14, health15 and politics16–19.”
From Negativity drives online news consumption (2023) · cites this paper as [15]
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“The constant inflow of “facts” and “numbers”—potentially contradictory, frequently lacking adequate context or explanation by experts—can generate confusion, increased anxiety, heightened stress responses, and downstream effects on health (14).”
From Cancer Care During COVID-19 Era: The Quality of Life of Patients With Thyroid Malignancies (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Garfin, D. R., Silver, R. C., & Holman, E. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Venue
- Health Psychology
- Published
- 2020-05
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 355-357
- ISSN
- 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-7810
- PMC
- PMC7735659
- OpenAlex
- W3012636922
- Semantic Scholar
- 9c2b81e3111927363d3e86bba40c3b4558223e33
- Cited by
- 1,270
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 126 · 2023: 171 · 2022: 245 · 2021: 375 · 2020: 230
- FWCI
- 102.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Health Psychology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (BCS-1342637; BCS-1451812; SES-1505184)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Communication › Communication and COVID-19 Impact
- Social Sciences › Communication › Public Relations and Crisis Communication
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, media exposure, public health crisis, anxiety, stress response, help-seeking, collective trauma, Ebola outbreak, H1N1 pandemic, public health communication, media coverage of crises
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Public Health, Coronavirus, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics, Social Media
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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