The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Associations of depression and diabetes distress with self-management behavior and glycemic control.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the independent associations of depression and diabetes distress with self-management and glycemic outcome in Type I (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHOD: Six hundred six people with T1DM or T2DM participated in a cross-sectional survey including measures of depression (PHQ-9), diabetes distress (PAID-5), self-management behavior (DSMQ), and glycemic outcome (HbA1c). Structural equation modeling was performed to analyze the independent linear associations (standardized coefficients) between these variables. RESULTS: In those with T1DM (n = 339), both depressive symptoms and diabetes distress were associated with lower self-management (-0.34, p < .001, and -0.16, p = .007, respectively) and thereover (indirectly) with higher HbA1c (0.20, p < .001, and 0.10, p = .016, respectively); direct associations with HbA1c were not observed. In those with T2DM (n = 267), only depressive symptoms were associated with lower self-management (-0.41, p < .001) and thus (indirectly) with higher HbA1c (0.17, p < .001). Diabetes distress, by contrast, was directly associated with higher HbA1c (0.20, p = .003) but not with self-management. CONCLUSIONS: The results are consistent with the hypothesis that depression is linked to less optimal diabetes self-management, thus leading to less optimal glycemic outcome. The associations were relatively consistent across diabetes types. Diabetes distress was additionally associated with higher glycemic levels, suggesting that people with both depression and diabetes distress might have the least optimal outcome. The conclusions are limited by the cross-sectional study design, self-report assessment of behavior, and potential bias arising from questionnaire measures. Further research is needed to support these findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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“Indeed, evidence now suggests that diabetes‐related distress may be more closely linked to glycaemic control than depression. 18 , 19 , 20”
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Items 101–114 of 114
DEPRESSÃO EM PACIENTES COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Furlan, J. C., Ronsoni, M. F., & Lee, S. V. D. S. (2026) · Arquivos Catarinenses de Medicina · doi:10.63845/9hr7rc93
“…depressivos em sujeitos com DM2 associa-se a um pior autogerenciamento do DM2, resultando em níveis mais elevados de hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) (54) , principal parâmetro utilizado para avaliação do controle glicêmico no longo prazo, cuja elevação está associada a um risco maior de…”
Sønderlund, A. L., Thilsing, T., Petersen, G. S., Jensen, T. M., Wehberg, S., Henriksen, J. E., Søndergaard, J., & Buhl, S. F. (2026) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-026-03219-3
Li, Q., Yang, J., Fan, L., Lei, R., Jia, Z., Luo, J., Shi, J., & Guo, J. (2026) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-026-01989-6
Jin, Y.-L., Li, S., Wang, Y.-M., Lu, B., Wang, X.-N., & Long, D. (2026) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.114081
Marta, O. F. D., Kurniawan, R., Chiu, H., Thato, R., Baqi, S. A., Hasan, F., Priyono, D., Anuraga, G., & Romadlon, D. S. (2026) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/01939459261437835
“Criterion validity revealed significant correlations between MATCH-I scores and the IMFI-20, while convergent validity was supported by a moderate negative correlation with the BDI-II scores.”
Giese, I. E., Laursen, S. H., Barington, P. F., Vestergaard, P., & Hangaard, S. (2026) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/89964
“Prior research has demonstrated that the quality of sleep and mental health status are associated with glycemic control and are therefore relevant factors to monitor and address in diabetes management [30,31,39,40].”
Wang, Y., Guo, D., Hu, M., Xia, Y., Shi, Z., Zhu, D., & He, P. (2026) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwag175
Guo, Z., Huang, S., Tu, N., Wang, Y., Zhang, H., & Lai, Z. (2026) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.71246 · Cited by 1
Heo, S., Barbé, T., RANDOLPH, J., Kim, J., & Kang, J. (2026) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0000000000001380
Garizábalo-Dávila, C. M., Acelas, A. L. R., Mattiello, R., & Cañón-Montañéz, W. (2026) · Investigación y Educación en Enfermería · doi:10.17533/udea.iee.v44n2e03
Ramazan, A., Habib, S., & Maryum (2026) · Al-Najam Journal of Medical and Life Sciences · doi:10.68041/anjmls.v1i1/07
Lu, X., Xia, T., Wang, Z., Cheng, M., & Xu, R. S. (2026) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.71761
“…reductions in depressive symptoms through BA may improve diabetes-related self-efficacy, facilitate self-management behaviors, and ultimately contribute to better glycemic control (Davis et al. 2022 ; Schmitt et al. 2021 ; Wojujutari Ajele and Sunday Idemudia 2025 ; Ting et al. 2025 ).”
Nicholas, J. A., Yeap, B. B., CROSS, D. S., Bear, N., & Burkhardt, M. S. (2026) · Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1002/edm2.70336
Wu, J., & Zhou, X. (2026) · Technology and Health Care · doi:10.1177/09287329261490665
Metadata
- Authors
- Schmitt, A., Bendig, E., Baumeister, H., Hermanns, N., & Kulzer, B.
- Affiliations
- German Diabetes Center Mergentheim (DE)
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- Venue
- Health Psychology
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 113-124
- ISSN
- 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-7810
- OpenAlex
- W3110550372
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 7.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- German Center for Diabetes Research (82DZD01101)
- German Diabetes Foundation (375.10.15)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- depression, diabetes distress, diabetes self-management, glycemic control, HbA1c, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, depressive symptoms, psychosocial factors in diabetes
- MeSH terms
- Self-Management, Glycemic Control, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Report
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