The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The relationship between stigma and mental health in a population of individuals with COVID-19.
Abstract
Purpose Illness stigma has been observed across previous outbreaks including Ebola, SARS, HIV/AIDS, and now COVID-19. Although both the stigma of having COVID-19 as well as mental health impacts of COVID-19 have been studied, limited research exists regarding the relationship of stigma and mental health in this population. Thus, the primary purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between stigma and mental health in adults with COVID-19. Method Adult respondents with a diagnosis of COVID-19 ( N = 632) completed an online questionnaire distributed between April 17, 2020, and April 18, 2021. The study measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire 8 (PHQ-8), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), and the 8-Item Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness (SSCI-8) tailored to measure perceived stigmatization from a COVID-19 diagnosis. Results Participants (mean age = 51) were mostly female (71%), White (73%), married (70%), obese (56%), and had a chronic health condition (56%). Female sex, education status, working from home or not working owing to COVID-19, previous mental health diagnosis, history of chronic illness, and being a current/former smoker were associated with higher stigma scores, whereas older age and Black race were associated with lower stigma scores. Conclusions Greater stigma and psychological distress was observed in females with a previously diagnosed psychiatric illness and/or chronic health condition. Our findings suggest a dispropor…
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Experiencing chronic illness-related stigma is associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety and even post-traumatic stress symptoms.
“Moreover, experiencing chronic illness-related stigma is associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety and even post-traumatic stress symptoms (Eccles et al. 2023;Liu and Zhang 2021;Warren et al. 2022).”
From Illness Stigma and Shame in People With Chronic Illnesses vs. SARS‐CoV‐2 Survivors: Associations With Psychological Distress Through Psychological Flexibility and Self‐Compassion. (2024) · cites this paper as Warren et al. 2022
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Lenarki, Y. P. P., Harokan, A., & Zaman, C. (2025) · Lentera Perawat · doi:10.52235/lp.v6i3.492 · Cited by 1
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Xiao, W., Liu, X., Wang, H., Huang, Y., Dai, Z., Si, M., Fu, J., Chen, X., Jia, M., Leng, Z., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26578319
Metadata
- Authors
- Warren, A. M., Khetan, R., Bennett, M., Pogue, J., Waddimba, A. C., Powers, M. B., & Sanchez, K.
- Affiliations
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Rehabilitation Psychology
- Published
- 2022-05
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 226-230
- ISSN
- 0090-5550 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1544
- OpenAlex
- W4226411999
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 2.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Rehabilitation Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Baylor Scott & White-Dallas Foundation
- Communities Foundation of North Texas
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, disease stigma, mental health, psychological distress, anxiety, depression, chronic disease, psychiatric comorbidity, sex differences, racial disparities, post-traumatic stress disorder, COVID-19 survivors
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, COVID-19 Testing, Adult, Mental Disorders, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Social Stigma
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