A phenomenological study of clinicians’ perspectives on barriers to rural mental health care
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People in rural areas can face significant challenges in finding and attending face-to-face psychological services.
“People in rural areas can face significant challenges in finding and attending face-to-face psychological services with mental health professionals who often practice in urban areas [5,22,23,24].”
Many individuals, including those with GAD, do not have access to specialized mental health services.
“Many individuals, including those with GAD, do not have access to specialized mental health services [22].”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Palomin, A., Takishima-Lacasa, J. Y., Selby-Nelson, E. M., & Mercado, A. (2023) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-023-01151-9 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“To properly provide mental health services to individuals living in rural areas, mental health providers must understand rural culture, values, and beliefs (Jensen, et al., 2020).”
BackgroundGrocke-Dewey, M., Hardison‐Moody, A., Haynes‐Maslow, L., Maras, S. A., Webber, E. J., Andress, L., Houghtaling, B., Patton-López, M. M., Shanks, J. D., & Shanks, C. B. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101537 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“For example, between 2001 and 2015 the suicide rate was nearly 1.5 times higher in rural areas than in urban (Jensen et al., 2020; Summers-Gabr, 2020; Ivey-Stephenson et al., 2017).”
InfluentialProviders as Stakeholders in Addressing Implementation Barriers to Youth Mental Healthcare
Goodcase, E. T., Brewe, A. M., White, S. W., & Jones, S. (2021) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-021-00905-7 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“, Repie, 2005) and CMHP perceptions (Jensen et al., 2020; Kim & Salyers, 2008; Stevens et al., 2006).”
BackgroundBouchard, S., Dugas, M. J., Belleville, G., Langlois, F., Gosselin, P., Robillard, G., Corno, G., & Marchand, A. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11195924 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Many individuals, including those with GAD, do not have access to specialized mental health services [22].”
Salley, C. G., Bakula, D. M., Driscoll, C., Flanagan-Priore, C., Kapke, T. L., Moore, R. M., Parris, K. R., & Sharkey, C. M. (2024) · Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1037/cpp0000514 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“…those who are wealthier and in more populated areas, and according to a review of international access to mental health-care, the structure of mental healthcare is a primary driver of accessibility and access by those in most need (Carbonell et al., 2020; Jensen et al., 2020; Rowan et al., 2013).”
Promoting Youth Mental Health in Rural Communities
Garbacz, S. A., Im, S., Young, K., Godfrey, E., Stelter, C. R., Twombly, T., Deng, X. F., & Albers, C. A. (2022) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-022-09526-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“For example, rural community-based therapists have noted that there is often a culture of independence and selfsufficiency present in rural communities that therapists perceive as having a negative impact on help-seeking behavior (Jensen et al., 2020).”
BackgroundShang, Z., Arnaert, A., Hindle, Y., Debe, Z., Côté-Leblanc, G., & Saadi, A. (2021) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-021-06072-5 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“The need for both an insider and outsider identity is also supported in other studies outside of the Indigenous context [23, 49], and is a key finding of this study.”
ResultImproving Healthcare Facilities in Remote Areas Using Cutting-Edge Technologies
Humayun, M., Almufareh, M. F., Al‐Quayed, F., Alateyah, S. A., & Alatiyyah, M. H. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13116479 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Tambling, R. R., Hynes, K. C., & D’Aniello, C. (2022) · The American Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1080/01926187.2020.1867931 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Stigma associated with mental health care by minority clients is of the most significant barriers to treatment identified by the literature (Borson et al., 2019; Jensen et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialJensen, E. J., Mendenhall, T. J., Futoransky, C., & Clark, K. (2021) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/s11414-021-09752-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationBrennan, L., Brady, J. E., Drummond, K. L., Stirman, S. W., Gutner, C. A., & Iverson, K. M. (2022) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Freske, E., & Malczyk, B. R. (2021) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc11040141 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Mathias, H., Jackson, L. A., Hughes, J. R., & Asbridge, M. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health · doi:10.7870/cjcmh-2021-013 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Berger, E., Reupert, A., Stewart, S., Miko, A., Holford, T. A., & Stracey, L. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-05853-5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Other barriers to accessing mental health support include prevailing stigmatisation about mental illness in rural and regional areas, reluctance to acknowledge mental illness, and a lack of anonymity (Aisbett et al., 2007; Fuller et al., 2000; Jensen et al., 2020).”
O’Dell, S. M., Hosterman, S. J., Parikh, M. R., et al. (2021) · Rural Mental Health · doi:10.1037/rmh0000180 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Slanzi, C. M., MacDonald, G. A., Nemoianu, A., & Salzer, M. S. (2023) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-023-01217-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…barriers, certain aspects of rural culture, such as traditional values, self-reliance, and sto-icism, although positive in some circumstances, might make it difficult for those who deviate from expected norms to share their mental health issues with others or ask for help (Jensen et al., 2020).”
Korioth, E. R., & Silverman, M. J. (2023) · Journal of Music Therapy · doi:10.1093/jmt/thad002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Martinez, R. R. (2025) · Journal of Latinos and Education · doi:10.1080/15348431.2025.2538571 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Research indicates that rural residents must travel three times farther than urban residents to access basic mental health services, creating difficulties to reliable support (Jensen et al., 2020).”
Ford, C., Rydberg, K., & Henning‐Smith, C. (2025) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-025-02403-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“We can improve access to mental health care for rural residents by better understanding the culture, values, and beliefs within rural communities (Jensen et al., 2020).”
Simmons, J., Condol, P., Herting, N. A., Monroe, A., & Silovsky, J. F. (2025) · The Journal for Specialists in Group Work · doi:10.1080/01933922.2025.2576108 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Lack of services is a grave concern, with research showing that up to 50–80% of all rural United States counties do not have access to a psychiatrist or psychologist (Jensen et al., 2020; Morales et al., 2020).”
Creating a Sustainable Community
Levy, D. L., Thorp, H., Chapman, L. R., & Fiske, E. (2020) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-3519-6.ch003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
De rechter is geen waarheidsvinder, maar een motiverende beslisser!
Huls, N. (2006) · Netherlands Journal of Legal Philosophy · Cited by 2 · see citing works
O’Rourke, B. P., Hefner, J. L., Breitborde, N. J. K., Montesano, V. L., Knudsen, K. J., & Hogan, T. H. (2025) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-025-01437-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“This may be especially true in rural areas, where there is a long history of barriers to implementing care innovations (Jensen et al., 2020; McDonel et al., 1997 ).”
Sunal, Z., & Berkout, O. V. (2025) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-025-00514-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Notice, M. R., Robertson, J., Smith, K. R., Kim, S., LaRiviere, M., Byno, L., Binette, N., Anaeche, C. I., & Tadros, E. (2023) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-023-01104-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“This is similar to other research findings by researchers who also explained that rural areas have experienced barriers preventing them from receiving quality mental health care (Jensen et al., 2020).”
ResultHambleton, A. L., Kandar, V., Miskovic‐Wheatley, J., Vatter, S., Grange, D. L., Touyz, S. W., & Maguire, S. (2025) · Australian Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/ajr.70043 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rural Counseling Competencies: A Delphi Study
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O’Dell, S. M., Hosterman, S. J., Parikh, M. R., et al. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/8s6w5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ferazzoli, M. T., & Kpobi, L. N. A. (2023) · Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.1108/jica-07-2023-0057
Guest editorial: Integrated care in rural, remote or island communities
Hendry, A., Kurpas, D., Muñoz, S., & Tucker, H. (2024) · Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.1108/jica-02-2024-096
Understanding Opioid Loneliness and Stigma in Rural Counties
Gregory, V. L., Ofner, S., & Ellis, R. J. B. (2024) · Studies in Clinical Social Work Transforming Practice Education and Research · doi:10.1080/28376811.2024.2360435
Challenges Between and Within Rural Minority Demographics
Blue, B. (2024) · Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal · doi:10.52214/cusj.v16i.12942
Unveiling the rural dichotomy: the dual impact of rurality on youth mental health
Youngson, Cuesta-Briand, & Coleman (2025) · Rural and Remote Health · doi:10.22605/rrh8692
How Has COVID‐19 Related Financial Stress Impacted Mental Health for Minoritized Americans?
Walker, J. H., & Venta, A. C. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.70014
Mental Health Disparities in Rural Midwest: A Community Call to Action
Coleman, E., & Schmit, J. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.70139
Matsea, T. (2026) · Mental Illness · doi:10.1155/mij/9366818
Graves, J. M., Abshire, D. A., Mackelprang, J. L., & Parrott, K. (2026) · The Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/jrh.70227
- Authors
- Jensen, E. J., Wieling, E., & Mendenhall, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Rural Mental Health
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 51-61
- ISSN
- 1935-942X (ISSN-L)
- 2163-8969
- OpenAlex
- W2999978831
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Rural Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Global Health Workforce Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Keywords
- rural mental health services, barriers to care, clinicians' perspectives, rural health care, access to mental health care
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