The DOI matches its Crossref record.
When silence feels safer: Challenges and successes of delivering a school-based cognitive behavioral intervention to Central American unaccompanied immigrant youth.
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore cultural and immigration-related factors, among Central American unaccompanied immigrant youth (UIY), affecting the safety and acceptability of Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Trauma in Schools (CBITS), a group intervention designed to treat trauma symptoms. METHOD: Thematic analysis of data from grounded theory study of group interventions to support resilience in UIY, consisting of interviews with 10 key stakeholders (5 CBITS facilitators) and 16 UIY (6 CBITS participants) from El Salvador, Guatemala, or Honduras, interviews conducted in Spanish, English, or Mam. RESULTS: goes around: personal risks of disclosure, (c) marginalizing the language and world view of indigenous youth, (d) "CBITS didn't really quite land for them": adapting the curriculum and delivery, and (e) "I learn to appreciate things": benefits of the CBITS group. CBITS facilitators endorsed skill-building aspects of the groups and expressed concerns about a curriculum relying on written homework and parental support for youth with limited home country schooling, currently living with distant relatives. CBITS participants endorsed hearing about other youths' stories and learning coping skills. CONCLUSIONS: Models for group intervention that emphasize coping skill development and group support, while de-emphasizing the trauma narrative, should be explored and tested. Group intervention leaders should consider the impact of differences in gender, country of origin, and native language on group dynamics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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In the citing paper
“Three studies (16.7%) examined CBT in UM [63–65].”
From Examining cognitive behavioral therapy interventions for unaccompanied minors: a systematic review and qualitative research synthesis. (2025) · cites this paper as [65]
In the citing paper
“clinicians in another study expressed that the intervention “didn’t quite land” for the young people [65].”
From Examining cognitive behavioral therapy interventions for unaccompanied minors: a systematic review and qualitative research synthesis. (2025) · cites this paper as [65]
In the citing paper
“Other authors observed that “one youth stated he preferred to talk about some issues alone with the therapist” [65].”
From Examining cognitive behavioral therapy interventions for unaccompanied minors: a systematic review and qualitative research synthesis. (2025) · cites this paper as [65]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, a therapist in another study reported that “despite lively discussion about the trauma narrative, in the end, they mostly felt, it’s still probably good to avoid things” [65].”
From Examining cognitive behavioral therapy interventions for unaccompanied minors: a systematic review and qualitative research synthesis. (2025) · cites this paper as [65]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, one therapist “found herself moving away from CBT and using an intervention from her own culture” [65].”
From Examining cognitive behavioral therapy interventions for unaccompanied minors: a systematic review and qualitative research synthesis. (2025) · cites this paper as [65]
In the citing paper
“Only five studies investigated acceptability with participants [65, 71, 74, 75, 78] using qualitative methodology.”
From Examining cognitive behavioral therapy interventions for unaccompanied minors: a systematic review and qualitative research synthesis. (2025) · cites this paper as [65]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Morroni, D., Konstantinou, P., Gkleka, C., Kassianos, A. P., & Karekla, M. (2025) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02500-z · Cited by 9
Mental Health Screening and Referrals for Unaccompanied Migrant Youths at Pediatric Intake Visits
Potler, N. V., Pineda, L., Nagin, P., Villegas, S., Hackley, B. K., Wagner, S., Magan, M., Shapiro, A., & Horwitz, S. M. (2025) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2025.103119 · Cited by 2
Winer, J. P., Davis, S. H., Forgeard, M. J. C., Pejic, V., Park, H. S., Lemus, D., Yohannes, S., & Senesathith, V. (2025) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-025-09774-x · Cited by 1
“In particular, school-based health centers have been successful with unaccompanied Central American youth as a mode of identifying need and connecting to services (Schapiro et al., 2022).”
Moneti, L., Braoudé, I., Chahraoui, K., Radjack, R., Moro, M. R., & Minassian, S. (2026) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.107972
Śmigielska, M., Jarzębska, J., Grusiecki, D., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.3(51).2026.6265
“Schapiro et al. (2024) found that the school-based format increased accessibility and was perceived as a safe and familiar environment reducing practical barriers to engagement among Central American unaccompanied immigrant youth; however, full acceptability remained contingent on adequate cultural…”
Metadata
- Authors
- Schapiro, N. A., Moore, E., Garcia, E., Gomes, E., Stimbra-Mora, M., & Greswold, W.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- La Clinica de La Raza (US)
- California State University, East Bay (US)
- ORCID
- Schapiro, Naomi A.
- Venue
- Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
- Published
- 2024-08
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- Suppl 2
- Pages
- S400-S408
- ISSN
- 1942-9681 (ISSN-L)
- 1942-969X
- OpenAlex
- W4311934427
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nd)
- Funders
- University of California, San Francisco
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (U79SM063084)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Therapy and Development
- Keywords
- Central American migrants, school-based intervention, trauma symptoms, group intervention, cultural factors, Indigenous youth, language barriers, coping strategies, resilience, treatment acceptability, curriculum adaptation, parental support, gender differences
- MeSH terms
- Psychological Trauma, Undocumented Immigrants, School Mental Health Services, Adolescent, Central America, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Psychotherapy, Group, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Emigrants and Immigrants, Resilience, Psychological
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: When silence feels safer: Challenges and successes of delivering a school-based cognitive behavioral intervention to Central American unaccompanied immigrant youth. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/tra0001414
- The paper
- Schapiro, N. A., Moore, E., Garcia, E., Gomes, E., Stimbra-Mora, M., & Greswold, W. (2024). When silence feels safer: Challenges and successes of delivering a school-based cognitive behavioral intervention to Central American unaccompanied immigrant youth. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001414
