Picomolar concentrations of lead stimulate brain protein kinase C
Open accessAbstract
Recent growth studies in children suggest that there is no threshold for adverse effects from the universal exposure to inorganic lead. The biochemical mechanisms mediating low-level toxicity are unclear, but in several biological systems, lead alters calcium-mediated cellular processes and may mimic calcium in binding to regulatory proteins. Here we present evidence that lead stimulates diacylglycerol-activated calcium and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, partially purified from rat brain. Picomolar concentrations of lead are equivalent to micromolar calcium in kinase activation, so this regulatory enzyme is sensitive to the lead levels expected from current environmental exposure.
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Lead is a divalent cation that mimics Ca2+ and potently activates PKC signalling.
“lead is a divalent cation that mimics Ca2+ and potently activates PKC signalling151.”
From Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function (2009) · cites this paper as [151]
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- Authors
- Markovac, J., & Goldstein, G. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- ORCID
- Markovac, Jasna
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1988-07
- Volume
- 334
- Issue
- 6177
- Pages
- 71-73
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2046975858
- Cited by
- 440
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 14.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- lead, protein kinase C, low-level lead exposure, diacylglycerol, calcium signaling, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, brain, lead toxicity, environmental lead exposure, enzyme activation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Enzyme Activation, Lead, Protein Kinase C, Rats, Inbred Strains, Rats, In Vitro Techniques
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