New features in Saturn's atmosphere revealed by high-resolution thermal infrared images
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In March 1989 (Ls = 104.5°), 15 months after northern summer solstice, the warm NPSV could already be seen.
“Half a Saturnian year earlier, when the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility observed Saturn’s North Pole in March 1989 (Ls = 104.5°), 15 months after the northern summer solstice (December 1987), the warm North Polar Stratospheric Vortex (NPSV) could already be seen11.”
From A hexagon in Saturn's northern stratosphere surrounding the emerging summertime polar vortex (2018) · cites this paper as [11]
Cites
Infrared Observations of the Saturnian System from Voyager 1
Hanel, R., Conrath, B. J., Flasar, F. M., Kunde, V. G., Maguire, W., Pearl, J. C., Pirraglia, J. A., Samuelson, R. E., Herath, L. W., Allison, M., et al. (1981) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.212.4491.192 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Infrared Observations of the Saturnian System from Voyager 2
Hanel, R., Conrath, B. J., Flasar, F. M., Kunde, V. G., Maguire, W., Pearl, J. C., Pirraglia, J. A., Samuelson, R. E., Cruikshank, D. P., Gautier, D., et al. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.215.4532.544 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Conrath, B. J., & Gierasch, P. J. (1984) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/0019-1035(84)90065-4 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Deming, D., Mumma, M. J., Espenak, F., Jennings, D. E., Kostiuk, T., Wiedemann, G. R., Loewenstein, R. F., & Piscitelli, J. R. (1989) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/167719 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationUpper Atmosphere and Magnetosphere
National Research Council (1977) · National Academies Press eBooks · doi:10.17226/20335 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Magnetic connection for Saturn's rings and atmosphere
Connerney, J. E. P. (1986) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/gl013i008p00773 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The thermal radiation of Saturn and its rings
Rieke, G. H. (1975) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/0019-1035(75)90142-6 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
A seasonal model of the Saturnian upper troposphere: Comparison with Voyager infrared measurements
Bézard, B., Gautier, D., & Conrath, B. (1984) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/0019-1035(84)90189-1 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A seasonal climate model of the atmospheres of the giant planets at the voyager encounter time
Bézard, B., & Gautier, D. (1985) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/0019-1035(85)90110-1 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
A Saturnian stratospheric seasonal climate model
CESS, R. D., & Caldwell, J. (1979) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/0019-1035(79)90191-x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Apollo 16 far ultraviolet imagery of the polar auroras, tropical airglow belts, and general airglow
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Center-to-limb observations of Saturn in the thermal infrared
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Semi-annual oscillations in Saturn's low-latitude stratospheric temperatures
Orton, G. S., Yanamandra-Fisher, P. A., Fisher, B. M., Friedson, A. J., Parrish, P. D., Nelson, J. F., Bauermeister, A. S., Fletcher, L., Gezari, D. Y., Varosi, F., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06897 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
A hexagon in Saturn's northern stratosphere surrounding the emerging summertime polar vortex
Fletcher, L. N., Orton, G. S., Sinclair, J. A., Guerlet, S., Read, P. L., Antuñano, A., Achterberg, R. K., Flasar, F. M., Irwin, P. G. J., Bjoraker, G. L., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06017-3 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationGround-Based Observations of Saturn's North Polar Spot and Hexagon
Sanchez-Lavega, A., Lecacheux, J., Colas, F., & Laques, P. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.260.5106.329 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Seasonal evolution of Saturn’s polar temperatures and composition
Fletcher, L. N., Irwin, P. G. J., Sinclair, J. A., Orton, G. S., Giles, R. S., Hurley, J., Gorius, N., Achterberg, R. K., Hesman, B. E., & Bjoraker, G. L. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.11.022 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“A minimum in the northern stratospheric temperatures was observed at 78− 82◦N, the latitude of the hexagonal wave in Saturn’s troposphere (Godfrey, 1988).”
BackgroundSelf-citationNew observations and studies of Saturn's long-lived north polar SPOT
Sanchez-Lavega, A., Rojas, J. F., Acarreta, J. R., Lecacheux, J., Colas, F., & Sada, P. V. (1997) · Icarus · doi:10.1006/icar.1997.5761 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hue, V., Cavalié, T., Dobrijevic, M., Hersant, F., & Greathouse, T. K. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.04.001 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“…a function of season, from Voyager (Pirraglia et al., 1981; Hanel et al., 1981, 1982; Conrath and Pirraglia, 1983; Courtin et al., 1984) and ground-based observations (e.g., Gillett and Orton 1975; Rieke 1975; Tokunaga et al. 1978; Gezari et al. 1989; Ollivier et al. 2000a; Greathouse et al. 2005).”
Background
- Authors
- Gezari, D. Y., Mumma, M. J., Espenak, F., Deming, D., Bjoraker, G., Woods, L., & Folz, W.
- Affiliations
- Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1989-12
- Volume
- 342
- Issue
- 6251
- Pages
- 777-780
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2040000439
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Keywords
- Saturn, stratosphere, thermal infrared emission, limb brightening, temperature inversion, limb asymmetry
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