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Relationship between the product of the Drosophila ultraspiracle locus and the vertebrate retinoid X receptor
Abstract
The vitamin A derivative, retinoic acid, can regulate morphogenesis and differentiation in vertebrates. Two different subfamilies of the steroid receptor superfamily of transcription factors, the retinoic acid receptors and the retinoid X receptor, mediate the effects of retinoic acid. As part of an analysis of the hormonal control of development, we have examined the Drosophila genome for retinoic acid receptor homologues. Here we describe one such gene, XR2C, which encodes a product with structural similarity to the human retinoic acid-responsive transcription factor, retinoid X receptor. This receptor-like protein is encoded by ultraspiracle (usp), a locus required both maternally and zygotically for pattern formation. The discovery that the usp product is a retinoid X receptor homologue suggests that similar chemical cues underlie morphogenic signalling in vertebrate and invertebrate systems.
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“EcR must interact with the ultraspiracle protein (USP), retinoid X receptor (RXR) in Hemimetabola, the ortholog of the retinoid X receptor in vertebrates, to form a heterodimeric transcription complex, EcR/USP [37].”
From G protein-coupled receptors function as cell membrane receptors for the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“Nuclear receptors act by forming homodimers or heterodimers. For example, the glucocorticoid receptor [1] and estrogen receptor [2] form a homodimer, and insect ecdysone receptor (EcR) forms a heterodimer with an ultraspiracle protein (USP), the ortholog of retinoid X receptor in vertebrates [3].”
From G-protein-coupled receptor participates in 20-hydroxyecdysone signaling on the plasma membrane (2014) · cites this paper as [3]
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BackgroundThe variety of complexes formed by EcR and Usp nuclear receptors in the nuclei of living cells
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“Both partners from the heterodimeric ecdysone receptor (EcR and Usp) interact synergistically with hsp27EcRE as was previously shown using crude nuclear extracts (Thomas et al., 1993).”
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“The EcR forms heterodimers with another receptor from the same superfamily, the product of the geneultraspiracle (usp) (Henrich et al., 1990; Oro et al., 1990; Shea et al., 1990).”
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“The numbering in bold is relative to the first Zn-coordinating cysteine of the DBD, whereas numbers in parenthesis relate to the residue position relative to the N-terminus of full-length Drosophila melanogaster Usp (Oro et al., 1990 ).”
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“The Drosophila homolog of RXR, ultraspiracle [ 27 ] does not respond to 9-cis-RA [35].”
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“…melanogaster, the receptor complex consists of the ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) protein, of which there are 3 isoforms (Koelle et al., 1991; Talbot et al., 1993), and the Ultraspiracle (Usp) protein, which is a homologue of the vertebrate retinoid X receptor (RXR) protein (Oro et al., 1990).”
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“…a heterodimer comprised of two nuclear receptors, the ecdysone receptor (EcR; Koelle et al ., 1991) and Ultraspiracle (USP; Henrich et al ., 1990; Oro et al ., 1990; Shea et al ., 1990), which are stabilized by the presence of the insect moulting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E; Yao et al .,…”
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Molecular Basis of Eye Migration During Flatfish Metamorphosis
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Namachivayam, R. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6608446/v1
Transcriptomic and Microbiome Analyses of Procambarus clarkii Exposed to Different Doses of 20E
Zou, Y., Zhang, C.-Y., Cao, X.-T., Niu, R.-G., & Lan, J.-F. (2026) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology15050434
“The 20E-EcR-USP complex regulates the transcription of early genes, thereby promoting the expression of late genes and advancing insect molting or metamorphosis [18,19].”
Regulation of wing growth in vivo by the histone demethylase dLSD1
Texier, M. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/39466764za985z4be7z8494z3c0281e77b30
Origine et évolution des récepteurs nucléaires et étude structurale du premier stéroïdien, ERR
Beinsteiner, B. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f99ed5ceze691z4793z8116zbeefeae5470a
“Or, son homologue chez les Arthropodes, appelé USP, ne peut pas fixer cette molécules (Oro et al., 1990).”
BackgroundDinan (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(1999)41:1
Metadata
- Authors
- Oro, A. E., McKeown, M., & Evans, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1990-09
- Volume
- 347
- Issue
- 6290
- Pages
- 298-301
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1966843280
- Cited by
- 406
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 9.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- ultraspiracle, retinoid X receptor, retinoic acid receptor, retinoic acid, steroid receptor superfamily, transcription factors, Drosophila, vertebrate-invertebrate comparison, morphogenesis, pattern formation, gene homology
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Binding Sites, Carrier Proteins, DNA, Drosophila, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Restriction Mapping, Receptors, Retinoic Acid
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