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Galaxy harassment and the evolution of clusters of galaxies
Open accessAbstract
NEARBY clusters of galaxies are filled with red elliptical 'E' and lenticular 'SO' galaxies1, while younger clusters (at redshifts of ≳ 0.4) contain substantial populations of blue spiral galaxies with morphological peculiarities2–7 (see Fig. 1). Thus, within the last 4–5 billion years, galaxies in clusters underwent strong evolution that completely changed their character. By contrast, galaxies that are not associated with clusters show far less morphological evolution8. Here we propose that multiple highspeed encounters between galaxies—'galaxy harassment'— drives the morphological evolution in clusters. Our simulations show that these encounters are very different from mergers; they transform small disk galaxies into dwarf elliptical or dwarf spheroidal galaxies. Harassment will leave detectable debris arcs and could provide fuel for quasars in sub-luminous host galaxies.
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Citations
Cites
Core condensation in heavy halos: a two-stage theory for galaxy formation and clustering
White, S. D. M., & Rees, M. J. (1978) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/183.3.341 · Cited by 3,919
Cited by
Populating a cluster of galaxies - I. Results at \fontshape{it}{z}=0
Springel, V., White, S. D. M., Tormen, G., & Kauffmann, G. (2001) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04912.x · Cited by 2,707
Morphological Transformation from Galaxy Harassment
Moore, B., Lake, G., & Katz, N. (1998) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/305264 · Cited by 871
Self-citationStructure and Formation of Elliptical and Spheroidal Galaxies
Bender, R. (2016) · doi:10.15781/t28g8fm0v · Cited by 555
Science with ASKAP: The Australian square-kilometre-array pathfinder
Johnston, S., Taylor, R., Bailes, M., Bartel, N., Baugh, C., Bietenholz, M., Blake, C., Braun, R., Brown, J., Chatterjee, S., et al. (2008) · Experimental Astronomy · doi:10.1007/s10686-008-9124-7 · Cited by 409
Galaxy mergers with various mass ratios: Properties of remnants
Bournaud, F., Jog, C. J., & Combes, F. (2005) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042036 · Cited by 353
Metadata
- Authors
- Moore, B., Katz, N., Lake, G., Dressler, A., & Oemler, A.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1996-02
- Volume
- 379
- Issue
- 6566
- Pages
- 613-616
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2009787078
- Cited by
- 1,740
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 34.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Moore, B., Katz, N., Lake, G., Dressler, A., & Oemler, A. (1996). Galaxy harassment and the evolution of clusters of galaxies. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/379613a0
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