The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Morphological Transformation from Galaxy Harassment
Open accessAbstract
Galaxy morphologies in clusters have undergone a remarkable transition over the past several billion yr. Distant clusters at z ~ 0.4 are filled with small spiral galaxies, many of which are disturbed and show evidence of multiple bursts of star formation. This population is absent from nearby clusters, where spheroidals comprise the faint end of the luminosity function. Our numerical simulations follow the evolution of disk galaxies in a rich cluster resulting from encounters with brighter galaxies and the cluster's tidal field, or "galaxy harassment." After a bursting transient phase, they undergo a complete morphological transformation from "disks" to "spheroidals." We examine the remnants and find support for our theory in detailed comparisons of the photometry and kinematics of the spheroidal galaxies in clusters. Our model naturally accounts for the intermediate-age stellar population seen in these spheroidals, as well as for the trend in the dwarf-to-giant ratio with cluster richness. The final shapes are typically prolate and are flattened primarily by velocity anisotropy. Their mass-to-light ratios are in the range 3-8, in good agreement with observations.
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Cites
Core condensation in heavy halos: a two-stage theory for galaxy formation and clustering
White, S. D. M., & Rees, M. J. (1978) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/183.3.341 · Cited by 3,919
The evolution of large-scale structure in a universe dominated by cold dark matter
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On the Gravitational Stability of a Disk of Stars
Toomre, A. (1964) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/147861 · Cited by 3,349 · cited 1×
“They were all constructed with a Toomre (1964) “stability” parameter Q = 1.5 and run in isolation for 2 Gyr before being set into orbit in the cluster.”
MethodInfluentialThe statistics of peaks of Gaussian random fields
Bardeen, J. M., Bond, J. R., Kaiser, N., & Szalay, A. S. (1986) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/164143 · Cited by 3,270
An analytic expression for the luminosity function for galaxies.
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The origin of dwarf galaxies, cold dark matter, and biased galaxy formation
Dekel, A., & Silk, J. (1986) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/164050 · Cited by 1,919 · cited 1×
“The popular model of Dekel and Silk (1986) combines the notion of lower amplitude peaks in the hierarchical model with the use of stellar winds or supernovae to reshape the small galaxies that have low binding energy by expelling their gas (Larson 1974, Vader 1986).”
BackgroundThe structure of star clusters. III. Some simple dvriamical models
King, I. R. (1966) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/109857 · Cited by 1,916
Galaxy harassment and the evolution of clusters of galaxies
Moore, B., Katz, N., Lake, G., Dressler, A., & Oemler, A. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/379613a0 · Cited by 1,740
Self-citationCompositions of halo clusters and the formation of the galactic halo
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Fundamental properties of elliptical galaxies
Djorgovski, S., & Davis, M. (1987) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/164948 · Cited by 1,506
Cited by
Populating a cluster of galaxies - I. Results at \fontshape{it}{z}=0
Springel, V., White, S. D. M., Tormen, G., & Kauffmann, G. (2001) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04912.x · Cited by 2,707
Structure and Formation of Elliptical and Spheroidal Galaxies
Bender, R. (2016) · doi:10.15781/t28g8fm0v · Cited by 555
Galaxy merger morphologies and time-scales from simulations of equal-mass gas-rich disc mergers
Lotz, J. M., Jonsson, P., Cox, T. J., & Primack, J. R. (2008) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14004.x · Cited by 442
Galaxy mergers with various mass ratios: Properties of remnants
Bournaud, F., Jog, C. J., & Combes, F. (2005) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042036 · Cited by 353
The current status of galaxy formation
Silk, J., & Mamon, G. A. (2012) · Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1088/1674-4527/12/8/004 · Cited by 294
Metadata
- Authors
- Moore, B., Lake, G., & Katz, N.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 1998-03
- Volume
- 495
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 139-151
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2052755662
- Cited by
- 871
- References
- 49
- FWCI
- 21.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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