The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Geology of mankind
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Anthropocene concept has been taken up in a variety of ways across many academic fields since it was first suggested approximately two decades ago”
From A practical solution: the Anthropocene is a geological event, not a formal epoch (2022) · cites this paper as Crutzen, 2002
In the citing paper
“Indeed, most current usage of the term 'Anthropocene' already applies to investigations of Earth history well before and after the middle of the 20 th century.”
From A practical solution: the Anthropocene is a geological event, not a formal epoch (2022) · cites this paper as Crutzen, 2002
In the citing paper
“This is the case partly because Crutzen's original definition emphasized the onset of European industrialization, the irreversible biological changes of domestication and the globalization of species and their accumulative impact on the global environment (Crutzen, 2002).”
From A practical solution: the Anthropocene is a geological event, not a formal epoch (2022) · cites this paper as Crutzen, 2002
In the citing paper
“As a result, the very different land-use histories produced by different models of Holocene land-use change (Figs. 1 and 2) have major implications in understanding the emergence of humans as a global-scale force transforming climate—a key indicator of Earth system transformation and the emergence of the Anthropocene (9–11).”
From Used planet: a global history (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
Citations
Cites
Climate change 2001 : the scientific basis
Houghton, J., Ding, Y., Griggs, D., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P. V. D., Dai, X., Maskell, K., & Johnson, C. (2001) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20033020 · Cited by 14,162
The earth as transformed by human action
Mannion, A. M. (1991) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/0169-5347(91)90167-v · Cited by 596
Something new under the sun : an environmental history of the twentieth century
McNeill, J. R. (2000) · Cited by 248
Something New under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World
Melosi, M. V., & McNeill, J. R. (2001) · The American Historical Review · doi:10.2307/2692967 · Cited by 206
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 801–900 of 1,003
Barfuß, W., Donges, J. F., Wiedermann, M., & Lucht, W. (2017) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-8-255-2017 · Cited by 39
Brandolini, P., Faccini, F., Paliaga, G., & Piana, P. (2017) · Quaestiones Geographicae · doi:10.1515/quageo-2017-0027 · Cited by 39
Zhang, Y., Pan, Y. J., Zhang, X., Wu, J., Yu, C., Li, M., & Wu, J. (2018) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.039 · Cited by 39
Thorson, J. T., Scheuerell, M. D., Olden, J. D., & Schindler, D. E. (2018) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.0915 · Cited by 39
Mosquito Adaptation to the Extreme Habitats of Urban Construction Sites
Wilke, A. B. B., Caban-Martinez, A. J., Ajelli, M., Vasquez, C., Petrie, W., & Beier, J. C. (2019) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2019.05.009 · Cited by 39
Tourism and rewilding: an introduction – definition, issues and review
Hall, C. M. (2019) · Journal of Ecotourism · doi:10.1080/14724049.2019.1689988 · Cited by 39
Wang, J., Ding, Y., Wang, S., Watson, A. E., He, H., Ye, H., Ouyang, X., & Li, Y. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114944 · Cited by 39
The Anthropocene within the Geological Time Scale: a response to fundamental questions
Zalasiewicz, J., Head, M. J., Waters, C. N., Turner, S. D., Haff, P. K., Summerhayes, C. P., Williams, M., Cearreta, A., Wagreich, M., Fairchild, I. J., et al. (2023) · Episodes · doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2023/023025 · Cited by 38
Posthumanist Approaches to Theorising Children’s Human-Nature Relations
Malone, K. A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-4585-90-3_14-1 · Cited by 38
Lyons, W. B., & Harmon, R. S. (2012) · Elements · doi:10.2113/gselements.8.6.417 · Cited by 38
Breathing materiality: aerial violence at a time of atmospheric politics
Nieuwenhuis, M. (2016) · Critical Studies on Terrorism · doi:10.1080/17539153.2016.1199420 · Cited by 38
Nature: A Conversation in Three Parts
Mansfield, B., & Doyle, M. W. (2016) · Annals of the American Association of Geographers · doi:10.1080/24694452.2016.1230418 · Cited by 38
Animal Domestication: A Brief Overview
Teletchea, F. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.86783 · Cited by 44
A critical history of marine protected areas
Humphreys, J., & Clark, R. W. E. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102698-4.00001-0 · Cited by 38
Koeve, W., Kähler, P., & Oschlies, A. (2020) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2020gl089928 · Cited by 38
To dam or not to dam in an age of anthropocene: Insights from a genealogy of media discourses
Flaminio, S., Piégay, H., & Lay, Y. L. (2021) · Anthropocene · doi:10.1016/j.ancene.2021.100312 · Cited by 40
Observations of massive air-pollution transport and associated air quality in the Yellow Sea region
Chung, Y.-S., & Kim, H. (2008) · Air Quality Atmosphere & Health · doi:10.1007/s11869-008-0014-y · Cited by 38
A vital link: water and vegetation in the Anthropocene
Gerten, D. (2013) · Hydrology and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-17-3841-2013 · Cited by 38
Le gouvernement des technosciences
Aykut, S. C., & Dahan, A. (2014) · La Découverte eBooks · doi:10.3917/dec.pest.2014.01.0097 · Cited by 38
WHERE IS VICTORIAN ECOCRITICISM?
Taylor, J. O. (2015) · Victorian Literature and Culture · doi:10.1017/s1060150315000315 · Cited by 38
Zoos and public health: A partnership on the One Health frontier
Robinette, C., Saffran, L., Ruple, A., & Deem, S. L. (2016) · One Health · doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2016.11.003 · Cited by 38
Viewpoint: Chemistry for a Sustainable Future
Grassian, V. H., Meyer, G., Abruña, H. D., Coates, G. W., Achenie, L. E., Allison, T., Brunschwig, B. S., Ferry, J. L., Garcı́a-Garibay, M. A., Gardea-Torresdey, J. L., et al. (2007) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0725798 · Cited by 38
Peeters, S., & Zwart, H. A. E. (2020) · History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s40656-020-00327-w · Cited by 40
Lu, Y., Huang, D., Tong, Z., Liu, Y., He, J., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Environmental Impact Assessment Review · doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2024.107464 · Cited by 37
Dual vulnerability among female household heads.
Spring, Ú. O. (2013) · Acta Colombiana de Psicología · doi:10.14718/acp.2013.16.2.2 · Cited by 37
Anthropogenic soils: general aspects and features
Dazzi, C., & Papa, G. L. (2015) · Ecocycles · doi:10.19040/ecocycles.v1i1.23 · Cited by 37
Zinc incorporation in the miliolid foraminifer Pseudotriloculina rotunda under laboratory conditions
Nardelli, M. P., Malferrari, D., Ferretti, A., Bartolini, A., Sabbatini, A., & Negri, A. (2016) · Marine Micropaleontology · doi:10.1016/j.marmicro.2016.06.001 · Cited by 37
Szerszynski, B. (2017) · European Journal of Social Theory · doi:10.1177/1368431016666087 · Cited by 37
Preiser, R., Pereira, L. M., & Biggs, R. (2017) · Anthropocene · doi:10.1016/j.ancene.2017.10.003 · Cited by 37
Mudanças climáticas, ciência e sociedade
Fleury, L. C., Miguel, J. C. H., & Taddei, R. (2019) · Sociologias · doi:10.1590/15174522-0215101 · Cited by 37
Miami Beach forever? Urbanism in the back loop
Wakefield, S. (2019) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.10.016 · Cited by 37
Urban anthropogenic soils—A review
Howard, J. L. (2020) · Advances in agronomy · doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2020.08.001 · Cited by 37
Dasgupta, P. S., & Ramanathan, V. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1259406 · Cited by 37
Perspectives on our planet in the Anthropocene
Williams, J., & Crutzen, P. J. (2013) · Environmental Chemistry · doi:10.1071/en13061 · Cited by 37
Self-citationGeoengineering in the Anthropocene through Regenerative Urbanism
Thomson, G., & Newman, P. W. G. (2016) · Geosciences · doi:10.3390/geosciences6040046 · Cited by 37
Asayama, S., Sugiyama, M., Ishii, A., & Kosugi, T. (2019) · The Anthropocene Review · doi:10.1177/2053019619843678 · Cited by 37
Responding as composing: towards a post-anthropocentric, feminist ethics for the Anthropocene
Hoppe, K. (2019) · Distinktion Journal of Social Theory · doi:10.1080/1600910x.2019.1618360 · Cited by 36
Critical Digital Pedagogy in Higher Education
Knowles-Davis, M. L., Moore, R. L., Köseoğlu, S., Veletsianos, G., & Rowell, C. (2022) · Athabasca University Press eBooks · doi:10.15215/aupress/9781778290015.01 · Cited by 37
Poirier, C., Chaumillon, É., & Arnaud, F. (2011) · Marine Geology · doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2011.10.008 · Cited by 36
Al‐Ismaily, S., Al-Maktoumi, A. K., Rashidovich, K. A., Al-Saqri, S. M., & Al-Busaidi, H. (2013) · Journal of Hydrologic Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000886 · Cited by 36
Toward a Terrestrial Turn in Philosophy of Technology
Lemmens, P., Blok, V., & Zwier, J. (2017) · Techné Research in Philosophy and Technology · doi:10.5840/techne2017212/363 · Cited by 36
Rethinking relationships through education: wild pedagogies in practice
Morse, M., Jickling, B., & Quay, J. (2018) · Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education · doi:10.1007/s42322-018-0023-8 · Cited by 36
Ethics and Politics of Space for the Anthropocene
Bisht, A., Valtonen, A., Rantala, O., & Farah, P. D. (2020) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781839108709 · Cited by 36
The effect of social network sites usage in climate change awareness in Latin America
Gómez-Casillas, A., & Gómez, V. (2023) · Population and Environment · doi:10.1007/s11111-023-00417-4 · Cited by 36
Glavovic, B. (2013) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su5030912 · Cited by 39
Bio-Inspired Sustainability Assessment for Building Product Development—Concept and Case Study
Horn, R., Dahy, H., Gantner, J., Speck, O., & Leistner, P. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10010130 · Cited by 36
Die Transformation von Altindustrielandschaften
Schönwald, A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-00605-1_5 · Cited by 36
Editorial for Ecosystem Services—Global Issues, Local Practices
Jacobs, S., Dendoncker, N., & Keune, H. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-419964-4.02002-3 · Cited by 36
Valero, A., & Valero, A. (2019) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e21090873 · Cited by 35
Corry, O. (2010) · Review of International Studies · doi:10.1017/s0260210510000975 · Cited by 35
Vogels, J. J., de Waal, D. B. V., WallisDeVries, M. F., van den Burg, A. B., Nijssen, M., Bobbink, R., Berg, M. P., Venterink, H. O., & Siepel, H. (2023) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12972 · Cited by 35
Plant extinction in the Anthropocene
Christenhusz, M. J. M., & Govaerts, R. (2024) · Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boae045 · Cited by 35
Energy, growth, and evolution: Towards a naturalistic ontology of economics
Herrmann‐Pillath, C. (2015) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.11.014 · Cited by 35
Zhao, J., Bianchi, T. S., Li, X., Allison, M. A., Yao, P., & Yu, Z. (2012) · Continental Shelf Research · doi:10.1016/j.csr.2012.07.005 · Cited by 35
Vernadsky’s philosophical legacy: A perspective from the Anthropocene
Guillaume, B. (2014) · The Anthropocene Review · doi:10.1177/2053019614530874 · Cited by 35
Nonlinear optimization set pair analysis model (NOSPAM) for assessing water resource renewability
Yang, X., Zhang, X. J., Hu, X. X., Yang, Z. F., & Li, J. Q. (2011) · Nonlinear processes in geophysics · doi:10.5194/npg-18-599-2011 · Cited by 35
Economics in the Anthropocene: Species Extinction or Steady State Economics
Sol, J. (2018) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106392 · Cited by 39
Dasgupta, R., Hashimoto, S., & Gundimeda, H. (2018) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-018-0647-1 · Cited by 35
Libert-Amico, A., Ituarte‐Lima, C., & Elmqvist, T. (2019) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-019-00703-x · Cited by 35
On breweries and bioreactors: Probing the “present futures” of cellular agriculture
Jönsson, E. G. (2020) · Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers · doi:10.1111/tran.12392 · Cited by 37
Environment and physiology shape Arctic ungulate population dynamics
Desforges, J.-P. W., Marques, G. M., Beumer, L. T., Chimienti, M., Hansen, L. H., Pedersen, S. H., Schmidt, N. M., & van Beest, F. M. (2020) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.15484 · Cited by 35
Chen, Y., Vardon, M., Keith, H., van Dijk, A. I. J. M., & Doran, B. J. (2023) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2023.02.014 · Cited by 35
The soil–peace nexus: our common future
Lal, R. (2015) · Soil Science & Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1080/00380768.2015.1065166 · Cited by 35
Salonen, J. K., Luhta, P., Moilanen, E., Oulasvirta, P., Turunen, J., & Taskinen, J. (2017) · Freshwater Biology · doi:10.1111/fwb.12947 · Cited by 35
Anthropogenic burning and the Anthropocene in late-Holocene California
Lightfoot, K. G., & Cuthrell, R. Q. (2015) · The Holocene · doi:10.1177/0959683615588376 · Cited by 34
Hughes‐Warrington, M., & Martin, A. W. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429399992 · Cited by 35
Švelch, J. (2023) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/14106.001.0001 · Cited by 34
The Anthropocene: a comparison with the Ordovician–Silurian boundary
Zalasiewicz, J., & Williams, M. (2013) · RENDICONTI LINCEI · doi:10.1007/s12210-013-0265-x · Cited by 34
Bioresearches of Fragile Ecosystem/Desert
Shekhawat, N. S., Phulwaria, M., Harish, Rai, M. K., Kataria, V., Shekhawat, S., Gupta, A. K., Rathore, N. S., Vyas, M. S., Rathore, N., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s40011-012-0097-y · Cited by 34
Panta Rhei 2013–2015: global perspectives on hydrology, society and change
McMillan, H., Montanari, A., Cudennec, C., Savenije, H. H. G., Kreibich, H., Krueger, T., Liu, J., Mejía, A., Loon, A. F. V., Aksoy, H., et al. (2016) · Hydrological Sciences Journal · doi:10.1080/02626667.2016.1159308 · Cited by 117
Holocene mammal extinctions in the Carpathian Basin: a review
Németh, A., Bárány, A., Csorba, G., Magyari, E. K., Pazonyi, P., & Pálfy, J. (2016) · Mammal Review · doi:10.1111/mam.12075 · Cited by 34
Taylor, B. R., Wright, J., & LeVasseur, T. J. (2019) · Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s13412-019-00578-5 · Cited by 41
Domination, Power, Supremacy: Confronting Anthropolitics with Ecological Realism
Ruuska, T., Heikkurinen, P., & Wilén, K. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12072617 · Cited by 34
Anticipation-induced social tipping: can the environment be stabilised by social dynamics?
Müller, P. M., Heitzig, J., Kurths, J., Lüdge, K., & Wiedermann, M. (2021) · The European Physical Journal Special Topics · doi:10.1140/epjs/s11734-021-00011-5 · Cited by 35
One globalisation or many? Risk society in the age of the Anthropocene
Chernilo, D. (2021) · Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1177/1440783321997563 · Cited by 34
The relevance of the concept of potential natural vegetation in the Anthropocene
Somodi, I., Ewald, J., Bede‐Fazekas, Á., & Molnár, Z. (2021) · Plant Ecology & Diversity · doi:10.1080/17550874.2021.1984600 · Cited by 34
Evaluation of decadal land degradation dynamics in old coal mine areas of Central India
Thakur, T. K., Dutta, J., Bijalwan, A., & Swamy, S. L. (2022) · Land Degradation and Development · doi:10.1002/ldr.4383 · Cited by 34
Lin, H. (2014) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0162 · Cited by 34
Coral reefs in the Anthropocene: persistence or the end of the line?
Hoegh‐Guldberg, O. (2014) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp395.17 · Cited by 35
Tectonic subsidence provides insight into possible coral reef futures under rapid sea-level rise
Saunders, M. I., Albert, S., Roelfsema, C., Leon, J. X., Woodroffe, C. D., Phinn, S., & Mumby, P. J. (2015) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s00338-015-1365-0 · Cited by 37
The cost of living in the Anthropocene
Gillings, M. R., & Hagan-Lawson, E. L. (2014) · Earth Perspectives · doi:10.1186/2194-6434-1-2 · Cited by 38
Maheaux, H., Leavitt, P. R., & Jackson, L. J. (2015) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.13076 · Cited by 34
Rosin, C., Legun, K., Campbell, H. R., & Sautier, M. (2017) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1177/0308518x17733747 · Cited by 34
Complex Insect–Pathogen Interactions in Tree Pandemics
Santini, A., & Battisti, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00550 · Cited by 34
Reactions of sciences to the Anthropocene
Möller, M., Höfele, P., Kiesel, A., & Speck, O. (2021) · Elementa Science of the Anthropocene · doi:10.1525/elementa.2021.035 · Cited by 33
Lima, G. F. D. C., & Torres, M. B. R. (2021) · Educar em Revista · doi:10.1590/0104-4060.77819 · Cited by 33
Researchers move closer to defining the Anthropocene
Perkins, S. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2310613120 · Cited by 33
The Anthropocene Is More Than a Time Interval
Edgeworth, M., Bauer, A. M., Ellis, E. C., Finney, S. C., Gill, J. L., Gibbard, P. L., Maslin, M. A., Merritts, D. J., & WALKER, M. J. C. (2024) · Earth s Future · doi:10.1029/2024ef004831 · Cited by 40
Organic cropping systems balance environmental impacts and agricultural production
Krause, H., Mader, P. M., Fließbach, A., Jarosch, K., Oberson, A., & Mayer, J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-76776-1 · Cited by 40
Macaulay, S. J., Jeppesen, E., Riebesell, U., Nejstgaard, J. C., Berger, S. A., Lewandowska, A. M., Rico, A., Kefford, B. J., Vad, C. F., Costello, D. M., et al. (2025) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/oik.11020 · Cited by 37
Revisiting the Image of Limited Good
Trawick, P., & Hornborg, A. (2015) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/679593 · Cited by 35
Evaluating the Anthropocene: is there something useful about a geological epoch of humans?
Braje, T. J. (2016) · Antiquity · doi:10.15184/aqy.2016.32 · Cited by 33
Brinkmann, M., Eichbaum, K., Buchinger, S., Reifferscheid, G., Bui, T. T., Schäffer, A., Hollert, H., & Preuß, T. G. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es4053208 · Cited by 33
Toward a Global Classification of Coastal Anthromes
Lazarus, E. D. (2017) · Land · doi:10.3390/land6010013 · Cited by 35
Qu, P., Fu, F., & Hutchins, D. A. (2018) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.1002/lno.10781 · Cited by 33
Climate change governance in the anthropocene: emergence of polycentrism in Chile
Arriagada, R., Aldunce, P., Wells, G. B., Ibarra, C., Sariego, P. M., Laura Nahuelhual, M., O’Ryan, R., Urquiza, A., & Gallardo, L. (2018) · Elementa Science of the Anthropocene · doi:10.1525/elementa.329 · Cited by 33
The future is now: marine aquaculture in the anthropocene
Pernet, F., & Browman, H. I. (2020) · ICES Journal of Marine Science · doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsaa248 · Cited by 36
Environmental escalations to social inequities: Some reflections on the tumultuous state of Gaia
Rodrigue, M., & Romi, A. M. (2021) · Critical Perspectives on Accounting · doi:10.1016/j.cpa.2021.102321 · Cited by 33
Huang, M., Li, Y., Xia, C., Zeng, C., & Zhang, B. (2022) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01992 · Cited by 33
Nikulina, A. V., MacDonald, K., Scherjon, F., Pearce, E. A., Davoli, M., Svenning, J., Vella, E., Gaillard, M., Zapolska, A., Arthur, F., et al. (2022) · Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · doi:10.1007/s10816-021-09546-2 · Cited by 33
Metadata
- Authors
- Crutzen, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Crutzen, Paul J.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2002-01-03
- Volume
- 415
- Issue
- 6867
- Pages
- 23-23
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2005307596
- Cited by
- 4,788
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 252 · 2025: 288 · 2024: 376 · 2023: 397 · 2022: 354 · 2021: 464 · 2020: 382 · 2019: 400 · 2018: 360 · 2017: 290 · 2016: 235 · 2015: 193 · 2014: 193 · 2013: 170 · 2012: 130
- FWCI
- 14.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Keywords
- anthropogenic impacts, anthropogenic environmental change, environmental history, human-nature interaction
- MeSH terms
- Carbon Dioxide, Conservation of Natural Resources, Fresh Water, Geology, Humans, Human Activities, Methane, Trees, Greenhouse Effect, Ecosystem, Earth, Planet
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review