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Why open-source generative AI models are an ethical way forward for science
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“Open-washing is also bad for research, because it means that researchers can no longer count on being able to tinker with models and architectures even if they are advertised as open source [54].”
From Rethinking open source generative AI: open washing and the EU AI Act (2024) · cites this paper as [54]
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“Though Generative AI may help researchers increase the external validity of their research designs, this may come at the cost of internal validity—or the capacity of different groups of researchers to reproduce or replicate each other’s results (2, 12).”
From Can Generative AI improve social science? (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
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“If social scientists become reliant upon proprietary models, we also risk tying our endeavors to the vicissitudes of corporate interests (2).”
From Can Generative AI improve social science? (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
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“The less black-box nature of these open-source models can help researchers make the exact version used in their works available to others (100), thus facilitating transparency and reproducibility.”
From Perils and opportunities in using large language models in psychological research (2024) · cites this paper as [100]
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“This means that even when updates address and mitigate detected biases, they also introduce the potential for “process reproducibility failure” (98) in the generated data and impede reproducibility, critical for scientific rigor (15, 100, 101).”
From Perils and opportunities in using large language models in psychological research (2024) · cites this paper as [100]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Spirling, A.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spirling, Arthur
- ORCID
- Spirling, Arthur
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2023-04-18
- Volume
- 616
- Issue
- 7957
- Pages
- 413-413
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W4366277658
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 20
- FWCI
- 26.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Publishing and Open Access
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Scientific Computing and Data Management
- Keywords
- open-source models, generative AI, large language models, research ethics, reproducibility, transparency, scientific research
- MeSH terms
- Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing, Research, Reproducibility of Results, Access to Information
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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