How does ChatGPT ‘think’? Psychology and neuroscience crack open AI large language models
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AI customers' actions can be analyzed through psychological concepts such as motivation, learning, social interaction, and persuasion.
“As AI customers learn from feedback, adapt to user preferences, and coordinate with humans and other machines, their actions can be analyzed through psychological concepts such as motivation, learning, social interaction, and persuasion (Hutson 2024).”
From Machine marketing: rethinking the customer in the age of generative AI (2026) · cites this paper as Hutson 2024
Cites
Turpin, M., Michael, J., Perez, E., & Bowman, S. R. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2305.04388 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Hagendorff, T., Dasgupta, I., Binz, M., Chan, S. C. Y., Lampinen, A., Wang, J. X., Akata, Z., & Schulz, E. (2023) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2303.13988 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
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Machine marketing: rethinking the customer in the age of generative AI
Sarstedt, M., Adler, S. J., & Imschloss, M. (2026) · Journal of Marketing Analytics · doi:10.1057/s41270-026-00521-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hutson, M.
- Corresponding author
- Hutson, Matthew
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2024-05-14
- Volume
- 629
- Issue
- 8014
- Pages
- 986-988
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W4396894256
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5
- FWCI
- 3.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Topic Modeling
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Natural Language Processing Techniques
- Keywords
- large language models, ChatGPT, AI cognition, explainable AI
- MeSH terms
- Artificial Intelligence, Humans, Language, Neurosciences, Psychology
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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