Effect of dietary soy intake on breast cancer risk according to menopause and hormone receptor status
Abstract
Background Although high soy consumption may be associated with lower breast cancer risk in Asian populations, findings from epidemiological studies have been inconsistent. Objective We investigated the effects of soy intake on breast cancer risk among Korean women according to their menopausal and hormone receptor status. Methods We conducted a case-control study with 358 incident breast cancer patients and 360 age-matched controls with no history of malignant neoplasm. Dietary consumption of soy products was examined using a 103-item food frequency questionnaire. Results The estimated mean intakes of total soy and isoflavones from this study population were 76.5 g per day and 15.0 mg per day, respectively. Using a multivariate logistic regression model, we found a significant inverse association between soy intake and breast cancer risk, with a dose-response relationship (odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for the highest vs the lowest intake quartile: 0.36 (0.20-0.64)). When the data were stratified by menopausal status, the protective effect was observed only among postmenopausal women (OR (95% CI) for the highest vs the lowest intake quartile: 0.08 (0.03-0.22)). The association between soy and breast cancer risk did not differ according to estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) status, but the estimated intake of soy isoflavones showed an inverse association only among postmenopausal women with ER+/PR+ tumors. Conclusions Our findings suggest that…
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Of 44 case-control studies, 32 showed higher consumption of soy foods and/or soy isoflavones was associated with lower risk for primary breast cancer, breast cancer mortality, or improved markers of prognosis among the overall study population.
“Overall, of the 44 case control studies, 32 showed that higher consumption of soy foods and/ or soy isoflavones was associated with lower risk for primary breast cancer [42-46,49-51,53,54,56-58,61-64,66,71-73,75,77-79,81,83], breast cancer mortality [55], or improved markers of prognosis (ER+ status vs receptor negative status) [74,82] among the overall study population.”
From Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [46]
Eight of 12 (67%) studies examining high soy food or protein and six of seven (86%) studies examining high soy isoflavones reported inverse associations between soy and breast cancer risk.
“Eight of 12 (67%) studies examining high soy food or protein [45,46,61,64,72,77,78,81] and six of seven (86%) studies examining high soy isoflavones [42,43,45,75,77,81] reported inverse associations between soy and breast cancer risk.”
From Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [46]
Among case-control studies reporting odds ratios with confidence intervals, 11 of 19 (58%) showed significant inverse relationships between soy food or protein intake and breast cancer risk.
“Of the 19 studies, 11 (58%) showed significant inverse relationships between soy food or protein intake and risk of breast cancer [44-46,61,64,71-73,77,78,81].”
From Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [46]
Soy consumption may protect against the development of breast cancer, and less so against breast cancer recurrence and mortality, although this is based on observational data only.
“Our review suggests that on the contrary, soy consumption may protect against the development of breast cancer [46,75,109,117], and less so, breast cancer recurrence and mortality [106,112], although this is based on observational data only.”
From Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [46]
Cites
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Flavonoids, Flavonoid Subclasses and Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies
Hui, C., Qi, X., Qianyong, Z., Xiaoli, P., Jundong, Z., & Mantian, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054318 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Fritz, H., Seely, D., Flower, G., Skidmore, B., Fernandes, R., Vadeboncoeur, S., Kennedy, D., Cooley, K., Wong, R., Sagar, S., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081968 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Diet and cancer risk in the Korean population: A meta- analysis
Woo, H. D., Park, S., Oh, K., Kim, H. J., Shin, H. R., Moon, H. K., & Kim, J. (2014) · Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8509 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Cho, Y. A., Kim, J., Park, K.-S., Lim, S.-Y., Shin, A., Sung, M.-K., & Ro, J.
- Affiliations
- National Cancer Center (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, J
- Venue
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Published
- 2010-06-23
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 924-932
- ISSN
- 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5640
- OpenAlex
- W2051143424
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 5.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- soy consumption, breast cancer risk, isoflavones, menopausal status, postmenopausal women, hormone receptor status, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Korean women, dietary factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms, Diet Surveys, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Isoflavones, Korea, Menopause, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Receptors, Estrogen, Receptors, Progesterone, Risk Factors, Incidence, Multivariate Analysis, Confidence Intervals, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Soy Foods
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