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Cited by 102Diet and metabolism studiesDietary Effects on HealthDiabetes Management and Research

Ketosis Proportionately Spares Glucose Utilization in Brain

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Zhang, Yifan, Kuang, Youzhi, Xu, Kui, Harris, Donald, Lee, Zhenghong, LaManna, Joseph, Puchowicz, Michelle A·2013·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
DOI 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.87PMC PMC3734783
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Abstract

The brain is dependent on glucose as a primary energy substrate, but is capable of utilizing ketones such as β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate, as occurs with fasting, starvation, or chronic feeding of a ketogenic diet. The relationship between changes in cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (CMR glc ) and degree or duration of ketosis remains uncertain. To investigate if CMR glc decreases with chronic ketosis, 2-[ 18 F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in combination with positron emission tomography, was applied in anesthetized young adult rats fed 3 weeks of either standard or ketogenic diets. Cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (μmol/min per 100 g) was determined in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum using Gjedde-Patlak analysis. The average CMR glc significantly decreased in the cerebral cortex (23.0 ±4.9 versus 32.9 ±4.7) and cerebellum (29.3 ± 8.6 versus 41.2 ±6.4) with increased plasma ketone bodies in the ketotic rats compared with standard diet group. The reduction of CMR g | c in both brain regions correlates linearly by ∼9% for each 1 mmol/L increase of total plasma ketone bodies (0.3 to 6.3 mmol/L). Together with our meta-analysis, these data revealed that the degree and duration of ketosis has a major role in determining the corresponding change in CMR glc with ketosis.

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  • Ketone bodies readily cross the blood brain barrier and can act as a potent fuel for the brain.

    “These ketone bodies readily cross the blood brain barrier and can act as a potent fuel for the brain35–37.”

    From APOE4 is Associated with Differential Regional Vulnerability to Bioenergetic Deficits in Aged APOE Mice (2020) · cites this paper as [36]

    The Introduction identifies ketone bodies as alternative brain energy substrates, and the Discussion says they can supply up to 70% of brain energy needs after maximal metabolic adaptation. The Discussion also describes blood–brain barrier transporters upregulating during ketosis, but does not establish that ketone bodies cross the barrier readily without that adaptation. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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Authors
Zhang, Y., Kuang, Y., Xu, K., Harris, D., Lee, Z., LaManna, J., & Puchowicz, M. A.
Affiliations
Case Western Reserve University (US)
Corresponding author
Puchowicz, Michelle A
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2013-06-05
Volume
33
Issue
8
Pages
1307-1311
ISSN
  • 0271-678X (ISSN-L)
  • 1559-7016
DOI
10.1038/jcbfm.2013.87
PMC
PMC3734783
OpenAlex
W2128125964
Cited by
102
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2
FWCI
0.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r21ns062048-02)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL092933)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U24DK076174)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R21 NS062048, R21 NS062048-01)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords
ketosis, brain glucose metabolism, cerebral metabolic rate of glucose, ketogenic diet, plasma ketone bodies, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, brain energy metabolism, cerebral cortex, cerebellum
MeSH terms
Algorithms, Animals, Blood Glucose, Brain, Diet, Glucose, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Ketone Bodies, Ketosis, Male, Rats, Wistar, Radiopharmaceuticals, Lactic Acid, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Positron-Emission Tomography, Rats, Diet, Ketogenic

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