How expensive is the astrocyte?
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The energy cost of information processing is thought to be chiefly neuronal, with a minor fraction attributed to glial cells. However, there is compelling evidence that astrocytes capture synaptic K + using their Na + /K + ATPase, and not solely through Kir4.1 channels as was once thought. When this active buffering is taken into account, the cost of astrocytes rises by >200%. Gram-per-gram, astrocytes turn out to be as expensive as neurons. This conclusion is supported by 3D reconstruction of the neuropil showing similar mitochondrial densities in neurons and astrocytes, by cell-specific transcriptomics and proteomics, and by the rates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Possible consequences for reactive astrogliosis and brain disease are discussed.
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Astrocytes express Na+/K+-ATPase and play a major role in reuptake of excess extracellular K+ released during neuronal activity.
“In addition to neurons, astrocytes also express Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and play a major role in the reuptake of excess extracellular K⁺ released during neuronal activity7.”
From Energy paradox in REM sleep: balancing supply and consumption in brain metabolism (2026) · cites this paper as [7]
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The Astrocyte: Metabolic Hub of the BrainPreprint
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Astroglial CB1 receptors, energy metabolism, and gliotransmission: an integrated signaling system?
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ATP Metabolism of Astrocytes: Consumption, Regeneration and Restoration
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The Role of Neuroglia in Cognitive Longevity
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Aberrant Potassium Handling by Astrocytes and Epileptic Seizures: A Synthetic Update
Albrecht, J., Czuczwar, S. J., Lasoń, W., Verkhratsky, A., & Zielińska, M. (2026) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.70263
- Authors
- Barros, L.
- Affiliations
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CL)
- Corresponding author
- Barros, LF
- ORCID
- Barros, LF
- Venue
- Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2022-01-26
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 738-745
- ISSN
- 0271-678X (ISSN-L)
- 1559-7016
- PMC
- PMC9254036
- OpenAlex
- W4210554972
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 6.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- astrocytes, Na+/K+-ATPase, potassium buffering, Kir4.1 channels, mitochondrial density, TCA cycle, reactive astrogliosis
- MeSH terms
- Astrocytes, Brain Diseases, Humans, Neuroglia, Neurons, Sodium
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