Functional and genetic diversity of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor and implication for disease associations
Abstract
Human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) are a family of 11 functional genes encoding five activating (LILRA1, 2, 4-6), five inhibitory (LILRB1-5) and one soluble (LILRA3) form. The number of LILR genes is conserved among individuals, except for LILRA3 and LILRA6, which exhibit copy-number variations. The LILR genes are rapidly evolving and showing large interspecies differences, making it difficult to analyze the functions of LILR using an animal model. LILRs are expressed on various cells such as lymphoid and myeloid cells and the expression patterns are different from gene to gene. The LILR gene expression and polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with autoimmune and infectious diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and cytomegalovirus infection. Although human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I is a well-characterized ligand for some LILRs, non-HLA ligands have been increasingly identified in recent years. LILRs have diverse functions, including the regulation of inflammation, immune tolerance, cell differentiation and nervous system plasticity. This review focuses on the genetic and functional diversity of the LILR family.
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LILRB proteins are type I transmembrane receptors predominantly expressed on hematopoietic cells.
“The LILRB proteins are type I transmembrane receptors predominantly expressed on hematopoietic cells14–20.”
From Oligomeric cystatin C supports the immunosuppressive activity of myeloid cells through interaction with inhibitory receptors (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Hirayasu, K., & Arase, H.
- Affiliations
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, The University of Osaka (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Hirayasu, Kouyuki
- Venue
- Journal of Human Genetics
- Published
- 2015-06-04
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 703-708
- ISSN
- 1434-5161 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-232X
- OpenAlex
- W1605315426
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Human Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24115005, 26870334, 23390112)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Keywords
- leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors, LILRA3, copy number variation, genetic polymorphism, HLA class I ligands, autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cytomegalovirus infection, immune regulation, inflammation, immune tolerance, cell differentiation, neuroplasticity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Multigene Family, Humans, Leukocytes, Ligands, Receptors, Immunologic, Genetic Variation, Gene Expression, Genetic Association Studies
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