The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Whole-lake carbon-13 additions reveal terrestrial support of aquatic food webs
Open accessAbstract
Ecosystems are supported by organic carbon from two distinct sources. Endogenous carbon is produced by photosynthesis within an ecosystem by autotrophic organisms. Exogenous carbon is produced elsewhere and transported into ecosystems. Consumers may use exogenous carbon with consequent influences on population dynamics, predator–prey relationships and ecosystem processes. For example, exogenous inputs provide resources that may enhance consumer abundance beyond levels supported by within-system primary production. Exogenous fluxes of organic carbon to ecosystems are often large, but this material is recalcitrant and difficult to assimilate, in contrast to endogenously produced organic matter, which is used more easily. Here we show, by the experimental manipulation of dissolved inorganic 13C in two lakes, that internal primary production is insufficient to support the food webs of these ecosystems. Additions of NaH13CO3 enriched the 13C content of dissolved inorganic carbon, particulate organic carbon, zooplankton and fish. Dynamics of 13C indicate that 40–55% of particulate organic carbon and 22–50% of zooplankton carbon are derived from terrestrial sources, showing that there is significant subsidy of these ecosystems by organic carbon produced outside their boundaries.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1994) · doi:10.1201/9780429246593 · Cited by 40,500
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1993) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-4541-9 · Cited by 21,230
Model Selection and Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach
Strawderman, R. L., Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. (2000) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2669574 · Cited by 4,194
The Trophic‐Dynamic Aspect of Ecology
Lindeman, R. L. (1942) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1930126 · Cited by 3,437
Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. (1998) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2917-7 · Cited by 3,387
Polis, G. A., Anderson, W. B., & Holt, R. D. (1997) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.289 · Cited by 2,362
The ecological detective: confronting models with data
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1501 · Cited by 1,726
Carbon isotope fractionation between dissolved bicarbonate and gaseous carbon dioxide
Mook, W. G., Bommerson, J. C., & Staverman, W. H. (1974) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(74)90078-8 · Cited by 1,658
Multiple Trophic Levels of a Forest Stream Linked to Terrestrial Litter Inputs
Wallace, J. B., Eggert, S. L., Meyer, J. L., & Webster, J. R. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5322.102 · Cited by 1,387
Reciprocal subsidies: Dynamic interdependence between terrestrial and aquatic food webs
Nakano, S., & Murakami, M. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.1.166 · Cited by 1,299
Cited by
Cory, R. M., & McKnight, D. M. (2005) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0506962 · Cited by 1,732
Terrestrial carbon inputs to inland waters: A current synthesis of estimates and uncertainty
Drake, T. W., Raymond, P. A., & Spencer, R. G. M. (2018) · Limnology and Oceanography Letters · doi:10.1002/lol2.10055 · Cited by 707
All wet or dried up? Real differences between aquatic and terrestrial food webs
Shurin, J. B., Gruner, D. S., & Hillebrand, H. (2006) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3377 · Cited by 526
Marcarelli, A. M., Baxter, C. V., Mineau, M. M., & Hall, R. O. (2011) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/10-2240.1 · Cited by 490
Multi-proxy studies in palaeolimnology
Birks, H. H., & Birks, H. J. B. (2006) · Vegetation History and Archaeobotany · doi:10.1007/s00334-006-0066-6 · Cited by 393
Metadata
- Authors
- Pace, M. L., Cole, J. J., Carpenter, S. R., Kitchell, J. F., Hodgson, J. R., Van de Bogert, M. C., Bade, D. L., Kritzberg, E. S., & Bastviken, D.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 427
- Issue
- 6971
- Pages
- 240-243
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1995785663
- Cited by
- 583
- References
- 27
- FWCI
- 27.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Whole-lake carbon-13 additions reveal terrestrial support of aquatic food webs. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/nature02227
- The paper
- Pace, M. L., Cole, J. J., Carpenter, S. R., Kitchell, J. F., Hodgson, J. R., Van de Bogert, M. C., Bade, D. L., Kritzberg, E. S., & Bastviken, D. (2004). Whole-lake carbon-13 additions reveal terrestrial support of aquatic food webs. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02227
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
