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Structure of a repair enzyme interrogating undamaged DNA elucidates recognition of damaged DNA
Abstract
How DNA repair proteins distinguish between the rare sites of damage and the vast expanse of normal DNA is poorly understood. Recognizing the mutagenic lesion 8-oxoguanine (oxoG) represents an especially formidable challenge, because this oxidized nucleobase differs by only two atoms from its normal counterpart, guanine (G). Here we report the use of a covalent trapping strategy to capture a human oxoG repair protein, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase I (hOGG1), in the act of interrogating normal DNA. The X-ray structure of the trapped complex features a target G nucleobase extruded from the DNA helix but denied insertion into the lesion recognition pocket of the enzyme. Free energy difference calculations show that both attractive and repulsive interactions have an important role in the preferential binding of oxoG compared with G to the active site. The structure reveals a remarkably effective gate-keeping strategy for lesion discrimination and suggests a mechanism for oxoG insertion into the hOGG1 active site.
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“In fact, the structures of DNA in complex with N-glycosylase/DNA lyase (OGG1), which is a base-excision repair enzyme for 8oxoG, exist in a catalytically active form for 8oxoG that is adjacent to guanine only in the 5’-position in -AGGT- sequences (S12 Fig) [40,48–51].”
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“Interestingly, hOGG1 can also guide the undamaged G base through the exosite into the active site, albeit less efficiently, but cannot cleave its N-glycosidic bond indicating strong discrimination selectivity between damaged and undamaged DNA (23, 24).”
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“This result may arise from the fact that these site spacings are equal to or less than the DNA footprint of hOGG1 (∼10 bp) (25,26).”
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The role of cysteines in the structure and function of OGG1
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“G42 is located in the N-terminus of the enzyme and interacts with the N7 proton of the lesion (35, 43).”
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“This series of events is remarkably similar to those proposed for the human 8-oxoguanine glycosylases 1 (hOGG1) (7).”
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A rapid reaction analysis of uracil DNA glycosylase indicates an active mechanism of base flipping
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Structural Basis for Finding OG Lesions and Avoiding Undamaged G by the DNA Glycosylase MutY
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“In humans, the hOGG1 glycosylase removes 8-oxoGua from DNA when incorporated opposite cytidine (20,21).”
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“Replication-coupled repair by MUTYH is unique among DNA glycosylases related to the 8-oxoG base pairs because the other DNA glycosylases, MutY, MutM and OGG1, seem to search for lesions on DNA by themselves (25–28).”
Recognition of Damaged DNA: Structure and Dynamic Markers
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“This exo site is positioned at the entrance to the catalytic pocket and is thought to participate in the base-flipping process and to act as an initial gate keeper in screening G’s from 8-oxoG’s before full extrusion to the active site.(91) More recent studies have captured and modeled MutM in very early-encounter com…”
BackgroundThermodynamics of the DNA Damage Repair Steps of Human 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase
Kuznetsov, N. A., Кузнецова, А. А., Vorobjev, Y. N., Krasnoperov, L. N., & Fedorova, O. S. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098495 · Cited by 36
“The X-ray structures of the complexes of hOGG1 with G (1YQK) and oxoG (1YQR) containing DNA [17] might be considered as the atomic models for the hOGG1-DNA complexes corresponding to the initial complex (ENOG)1 and the catalytically competent complex (ENOG)3, respectively.”
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Buechner, C. N., Maiti, A., Drohat, A. C., & Teßmer, I. (2015) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkv139 · Cited by 37
“The same DNA bend angle of ∼70◦ was also observed in co-crystallographic studies of hOGG1 bound to its flipped target site 8oxoG:C (64) or bound to a nonspecific base with the base flipped into an exosite in close proximity to the enzyme’s active site pocket (65).”
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“The steps involved in the recognition of damaged bases are still unclear, however, several studies suggest that a multi-step base-recognition process is a common strategy used by BER glycosylases to guarantee the accurate base excision (Jiang et al. 2004; Banerjee et al. 2005; David 2005).”
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The Human Cytomegalovirus UL44 C Clamp Wraps around DNA
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“Disulfide crosslinking has been successfully used to covalently trap protein/DNA complexes (e.g., Banerjee et al., 2005, 2006).”
A sequence-specific DNA glycosylase mediates restriction-modification in Pyrococcus abyssi
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Mechanism of recognition and repair of damaged DNA by human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase hOGG1
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Structural Basis for the Lesion-scanning Mechanism of the MutY DNA Glycosylase
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“Previous structures of hOGG1 in complex with undamaged DNA (23, 24)(3) have shown that cross-linking the FIGURE 3.”
BackgroundTheoretical Study of Excitation Energy Transfer in DNA Photolyase
Zheng, X., Garcia, J., & Stuchebrukhov, A. A. (2008) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp800053a · Cited by 29
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“…search, recognize, and excise oxoG from DNA has been studied quite extensively by using a combination of biochemical and structural techniques (Banerjee et al., 2005, 2006; Banerjee and Verdine, 2006; Bruner et al., 2000; Coste et al., 2004; Fromme et al., 2003, 2004; Fromme and Verdine,…”
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“0 kcal/mol restraints on solute molecules under constant volume; (4) 30 ps, 40 ps, and 50 ps MD with decreasing restraints of 10.”
BackgroundBase Flipping of the Thymine Dimer in Duplex DNA
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“The crystal structure of the complex of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase I with DNA has recently shown that, in the interaction between the protein and theDNA, the negative charge of 8-oxoguanine has an important role to provide the preferential binding affinity of mutagenic guanine compared with normal guanine (Banerjee…”
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“Following the results of quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics data (14) and OGG1 mechanism considerations (12), some amino acid residues were simulated in nonstandard protonation state to approximate the situation immediately preceding the nucleophilic attack.”
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“Although a direct interaction between a protein oxygen and the N7-H of 8-oxoG has been observed in Ogg1 and Ogg2 enzymes, another hypothesis has been suggested to explain the guanine/8-oxoG distinction by Ogg glycosylases: The dipole change on the C8 and N7 atoms of 8-oxoG compared to guanine has been proposed to be i…”
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“Probably the best-characterized example so far is hOGG1, which possesses an ‘exo-site,’ which traps adventitiously everted G in the lowest energy state but is only fleetingly visited by everted oxoG (60,61).”
BackgroundJena, N. R., Pant, S., & Srivastava, H. K. (2021) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2021.1883112 · Cited by 23
“After repair, these nucleotides are sent back to their original positions, mainly because of the internal dynamics of DNA and DNA–polymerase complex (Banerjee et al., 2005; Jena, 2012; Peterson, 1995; Dizdaroglu et al., 2017).”
BackgroundStructures and Energetics of Base Flipping of the Thymine Dimer Depend on DNA Sequence
O'Neil, L. L., & Wiest, O. (2008) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp7102935 · Cited by 23
Kellie, J. L., Wilson, K. A., & Wetmore, S. D. (2015) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04051 · Cited by 22
Base Excision Repair and Nucleotide Excision Repair
Izumi, T., & Mellon, I. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803309-8.00017-3 · Cited by 22
Inequality in the Frequency of the Open States Occurrence Depends on Single 2H/1H Replacement in DNA
Басов, А. А., Drobotenko, M. I., Svidlov, A. A., Gerasimenko, E. O., Malyshko, V. V., Елкина, А. А., Baryshev, M., & Dzhimak, S. S. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25163753 · Cited by 23
“So, for the catalytic activity of DNA glycosylase, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase I, and alkyl adenine DNA glycosylase (which are the important DNA repair enzymes [42]), as well as DNA methyltransferase family enzymes and”
BackgroundMussi, V., Ledda, M., Polese, D., Maiolo, L., Paria, D., Barman, I., Lolli, M. G., Lisi, A., & Convertino, A. (2021) · Materials Science and Engineering C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2021.111951 · Cited by 22
DNA repair glycosylase hNEIL1 triages damaged bases via competing interaction modes
Liu, M., Zhang, J., Zhu, C., Zhang, X., Xiao, W., Yan, Y., Liu, L., Zeng, H., Gao, Y. Q., & Yi, C. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24431-y · Cited by 23
Sung, R.-J., Zhang, M., Qi, Y., & Verdine, G. L. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.313635 · Cited by 21
Kellie, J. L., & Wetmore, S. D. (2012) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp306344g · Cited by 22
Time-resolved fluorescence studies of nucleotide flipping by restriction enzymes
Neely, R. K., Tamulaitis, G., Chen, K., Kubala, M. H., Šikšnys, V., & Jones, A. C. (2009) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkp688 · Cited by 21
“It was first observed for the methyltransferase enzyme HhaI (1) and has since been observed in many other DNA methyltransferase systems (2–6) and several DNA-repair enzyme complexes (7,8).”
BackgroundNaômé, A., Schyman, P., Laaksonen, A., & Vercauteren, D. P. (2010) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp1000539 · Cited by 20
Crystal structure analysis of DNA lesion repair and tolerance mechanisms
Schneider, S., Kath‐Schorr, S., & Carell, T. (2009) · Current Opinion in Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2009.01.005 · Cited by 20
Tiwari, S., Agnihotri, N. P., & Mishra, P. C. (2011) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp1109256 · Cited by 20
Sowlati‐Hashjin, S., & Wetmore, S. D. (2014) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp507783d · Cited by 22
Nemec, A. A., Bush, K. B., Towle-Weicksel, J. B., Taylor, B. F., Schulz, V., Weidhaas, J. B., Tuck, D. P., & Sweasy, J. B. (2016) · Molecular Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0209 · Cited by 20
“8oxoG possesses a two-atom difference compared with guanine (8), and its ability to functionally resemble thymine allows replicative polymerases to insert adenines leading to G:T transversions (9–11).”
BackgroundKladova, O. A., Krasnoperov, L. N., Kuznetsov, N. A., & Fedorova, O. S. (2018) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes9040190 · Cited by 19
Pan, L., Wang, H. Z., Luo, J., Zeng, J., Pi, J., Liu, H., Liu, C., Ba, X., Qu, X., Xiang, Y., et al. (2019) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201900993rr · Cited by 19
“As expected from previous structural and functional analysis, OGG1 showed greater affinity for dsDNA contained 8-oxoG (52, 63).”
BackgroundYadav, S., Kumbhar, N., Jan, R., Roy, R., & Satsangi, P. G. (2018) · Environmental Geochemistry and Health · doi:10.1007/s10653-018-0199-4 · Cited by 19
“…by hydroxyl radicals, which leads to the formation of oxidative single and clustered base damage by mutagenic lesion in cellular DNA followed by DNA strand breaking, cross linkage of DNA–protein and its basic site (Ji et al. 2005; Banerjee et al. 2005, 2006; Schyman et al. 2008; Cadet et al. 2010).”
Background1D Radical Motion in Protein Pocket: Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Human Serum Albumin
Kobori, Y., & Norris, J. R. (2005) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja054495+ · Cited by 19
The Role of the Oxidative State and Innate Immunity Mediated by TLR7 and TLR9 in Lupus Nephritis
Miranda‐Díaz, A. G., Echavarría, R., Cardona-Muñóz, E. G., Ortiz‐Lazareno, P. C., Sierra, J. A., Gómez-Hermosillo, L. F., Casillas-Moreno, J., Campos-Bayardo, T. I., Román-Rojas, D., & García-Sánchez, A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242015234 · Cited by 17
“8-OHdG can be repaired primarily by the human enzyme 8-oxo guanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) through base excision repair mechanisms. hOGG1 performs preventive actions against inflammatory responses by reconfiguring 8-OHdG levels [34,35].”
BackgroundKirpota, O. O., Endutkin, A. V., Ponomarenko, M. P., Ponomarenko, P. M., Zharkov, D. O., & Nevinsky, G. A. (2011) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkq1333 · Cited by 18
“This enzyme is known to search for oxoG lesions flipping out normal bases from DNA (27), a process that overall would be more efficient in less stable duplexes.”
BackgroundO6-Methylguanine Repair by O6-Alkylguanine-DNA Alkyltransferase
Jena, N. R., Shukla, P. K., Jena, H. S., Mishra, P., & Suhai, S. (2009) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp907836w · Cited by 18
Šebera, J., Trantı́rek, L., Tanaka, Y., & Sychrovský, V. (2012) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp309098d · Cited by 18
Critical role of DNA intercalation in enzyme-catalyzed nucleotide flipping
Hendershot, J. M., & O’Brien, P. (2014) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gku919 · Cited by 18
Hoppins, J. J., Gruber, D. R., Miears, H. L., Kiryutin, A. S., Kasymov, R. D., Petrova, D. V., Endutkin, A. V., Popov, A. V., Yurkovskaya, A. V., Fedechkin, S. O., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164424 · Cited by 18
Lloyd, R. S. (2022) · DNA · doi:10.3390/dna2040020 · Cited by 16
“Moreover, as revealed by various biophysical techniques and structure–function analyses, these enzymes create a flexible active site into which damaged nucleotides can be flipped and accommodated between globular and active site-forming domains (Figure 1B) [17,19,20,22,23].”
Structural basis for human OGG1 processing 8-oxodGuo within nucleosome core particles
Ren, M., Gut, F., Fan, Y., Ma, J., Shan, X., Yikilmazsoy, A., Likhodeeva, M., Hopfner, K., & Zhou, C. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-53811-3 · Cited by 21
“However, when the glycosylase is covalently linked to the dsDNA, native guanine can also be fl ipped out from the DNA helix, resulting in a kinked DNA strand 31 .”
BackgroundFadda, E., & Pomès, R. (2010) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkq812 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Banerjee, A., Yang, W., Karplus, M., & Verdine, G. L.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Karplus, Martin
- Verdine, Gregory L.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 434
- Issue
- 7033
- Pages
- 612-618
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2077615862
- Cited by
- 346
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 10.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA100742)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM044853)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Enzyme Structure and Function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Keywords
- OGG1, 8-oxoguanine, oxidative DNA damage, DNA repair, lesion recognition, X-ray crystal structure, free energy difference
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, Binding Sites, Computer Simulation, Disulfides, DNA, DNA Damage, DNA Repair, Guanine, Humans, Models, Molecular, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Protein Conformation, Structure-Activity Relationship, Substrate Specificity, Thermodynamics, Reproducibility of Results, Crystallography, X-Ray, DNA Glycosylases
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