Winter forest soil respiration controlled by climate and microbial community composition
Abstract
Most terrestrial carbon sequestration at mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere occurs in seasonal, montane forest ecosystems. Winter respiratory carbon dioxide losses from these ecosystems are high, and over half of the carbon assimilated by photosynthesis in the summer can be lost the following winter. The amount of winter carbon dioxide loss is potentially susceptible to changes in the depth of the snowpack; a shallower snowpack has less insulation potential, causing colder soil temperatures and potentially lower soil respiration rates. Recent climate analyses have shown widespread declines in the winter snowpack of mountain ecosystems in the western USA and Europe that are coupled to positive temperature anomalies. Here we study the effect of changes in snow cover on soil carbon cycling within the context of natural climate variation. We use a six-year record of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange in a subalpine forest to show that years with a reduced winter snowpack are accompanied by significantly lower rates of soil respiration. Furthermore, we show that the cause of the high sensitivity of soil respiration rate to changes in snow depth is a unique soil microbial community that exhibits exponential growth and high rates of substrate utilization at the cold temperatures that exist beneath the snow. Our observations suggest that a warmer climate may change soil carbon sequestration rates in forest ecosystems owing to changes in the depth of the insulating snow cover.
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There are indications of a positive feedback in which increases in global temperature lower the ability of present soils and other parts of the biosphere to absorb CO2.
“In addition, there are indications (Bellamy et al., 2005;Monson et al., 2006;Luo, 2007;Arnone et al., 2008;Bond-Lamberty and Thomson, 2010;Smith and Fang, 2010;Yvon-Durocher et al., 2010;Zhao and Running, 2010) of a positive feedback in which increases in global temperature lower the ability of present soils and other parts of the biosphere to absorb CO 2”
From Breeding crop plants with deep roots: their role in sustainable carbon, nutrient and water sequestration (2011) · cites this paper as Monson et al., 2006
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- Authors
- Monson, R. K., Lipson, D. L., Burns, S. P., Turnipseed, A. A., Delany, A. C., Williams, M. W., & Schmidt, S. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research (US)
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Monson, Russell K.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2006-02
- Volume
- 439
- Issue
- 7077
- Pages
- 711-714
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1972486375
- Cited by
- 542
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 60.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- National Center for Atmospheric Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Climate change and permafrost
- Keywords
- snowpack depth, snow cover, soil microbial communities, subalpine forest, soil carbon sequestration, soil temperature, global warming
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, Climate, Diffusion, Photosynthesis, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Seasons, Snow, Soil, Soil Microbiology, Temperature, Time Factors, Trees, Ecosystem, Biomass, Cell Respiration
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