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Visualization of transient encounter complexes in protein–protein association
Abstract
Kinetic data on a number of protein-protein associations have provided evidence for the initial formation of a pre-equilibrium encounter complex that subsequently relaxes to the final stereospecific complex. Site-directed mutagenesis and brownian dynamics simulations have suggested that the rate of association can be modulated by perturbations in charge distribution outside the direct interaction surfaces. Furthermore, rate enhancement through non-specific binding may occur by either a reduction in dimensionality or the presence of a short-range, non-specific attractive potential. Here, using paramagnetic relaxation enhancement, we directly demonstrate the existence and visualize the distribution of an ensemble of transient, non-specific encounter complexes under equilibrium conditions for a relatively weak protein-protein complex between the amino-terminal domain of enzyme I and the phosphocarrier protein HPr. Neither the stereospecific complex alone nor any single alternative conformation can account fully for the intermolecular paramagnetic relaxation enhancement data. Restrained rigid-body simulated annealing refinement against the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement data enables us to obtain an atomic probability distribution map of the non-specific encounter complex ensemble that qualitatively correlates with the electrostatic surface potentials on the interacting proteins. Qualitatively similar results are presented for two other protein-protein complexes.
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“In all cases, the broad spatial distribution of PRE effects likely reflects the dynamic binding with multiple low-affinity interactions that are reflected by the paramagnetic effects (52).”
From Client binding shifts the populations of dynamic Hsp90 conformations through an allosteric network (2021) · cites this paper as [52]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tang, C., Iwahara, J., & Clore, G. M.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Clore, G. Marius
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2006-10-15
- Volume
- 444
- Issue
- 7117
- Pages
- 383-386
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2063810968
- Cited by
- 406
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 12.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Diffusion and Search Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- protein-protein interaction, non-specific binding, paramagnetic relaxation enhancement, surface electrostatic potential
- MeSH terms
- Bacterial Proteins, Enzymes, Kinetics, Models, Molecular, Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Multiprotein Complexes, Static Electricity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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