The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The lakes of Titan
Abstract
The surface of Saturn's haze-shrouded moon Titan has long been proposed to have oceans or lakes, on the basis of the stability of liquid methane at the surface. Initial visible and radar imaging failed to find any evidence of an ocean, although abundant evidence was found that flowing liquids have existed on the surface. Here we provide definitive evidence for the presence of lakes on the surface of Titan, obtained during the Cassini Radar flyby of Titan on 22 July 2006 (T16). The radar imaging polewards of 70 degrees north shows more than 75 circular to irregular radar-dark patches, in a region where liquid methane and ethane are expected to be abundant and stable on the surface. The radar-dark patches are interpreted as lakes on the basis of their very low radar reflectivity and morphological similarities to lakes, including associated channels and location in topographic depressions. Some of the lakes do not completely fill the depressions in which they lie, and apparently dry depressions are present. We interpret this to indicate that lakes are present in a number of states, including partly dry and liquid-filled. These northern-hemisphere lakes constitute the strongest evidence yet that a condensable-liquid hydrological cycle is active in Titan's surface and atmosphere, in which the lakes are filled through rainfall and/or intersection with the subsurface 'liquid methane' table.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Additionally, the idea of methane as a potential solvent for life is gaining interest since the discovery of methane lakes on Titan (Stofan et al., 2007).”
From The Astrobiology Primer v2.0 (2016) · cites this paper as Stofan et al., 2007
Citations
Cites
Photochemistry of the atmosphere of Titan - Comparison between model and observations
Yung, Y. L., Allen, M., & Pinto, J. P. (1984) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/190963 · Cited by 1,081
In situ measurements of the physical characteristics of Titan's environment
Fulchignoni, M., Ferri, F., Angrilli, F., Ball, A., Bar‐Nun, A., Barucci, M. A., Bettanini, C., Bianchini, G., Borucki, W. J., Colombatti, G., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04314 · Cited by 750
Self-citationRain, winds and haze during the Huygens probe's descent to Titan's surface
Tomasko, M. G., Archinal, B. A., Becker, T. L., Bézard, B., Bushroe, M., Combes, M., Cook, D., Coustenis, A., de Bérgh, C., Dafoe, L. E., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04126 · Cited by 603
Self-citationEpisodic outgassing as the origin of atmospheric methane on Titan
Tobie, G., Lunine, J. I., & Sotin, C. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04497 · Cited by 433
Self-citationImaging of Titan from the Cassini spacecraft
Porco, C. C., Baker, E., Barbara, J., Beurle, K., Brahic, A., Burns, J. A., Charnoz, S., Cooper, N. J., Dawson, D. D., C, A. D. D. G., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03436 · Cited by 423
Self-citationLunine, J. I., Stevenson, D. J., & Yung, Y. L. (1983) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.222.4629.1229 · Cited by 367
Self-citationCassini Radar Views the Surface of Titan
Elachi, C., Wall, S., Allison, M., Anderson, Y. Z., Boehmer, R., Callahan, P. S., Encrenaz, P., Flamini, E., Franceschetti, G., Gim, Y., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1109919 · Cited by 263
Self-citationCryovolcanic features on Titan's surface as revealed by the Cassini Titan Radar Mapper
Lopes, R. M. C., Mitchell, K. L., STOFAN, E. R., Lunine, J. I., Lorenz, R. D., Paganelli, F., Kirk, R. L., Wood, C. A., Wall, S. D., Robshaw, L. E., et al. (2006) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.006 · Cited by 234
Self-citationRelease of volatiles from a possible cryovolcano from near-infrared imaging of Titan
Sotin, C., Jaumann, R., Buratti, B. J., Brown, R. H., Clark, R. N., Soderblom, L. A., Baines, K. H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J. P., Capaccioni, F., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03596 · Cited by 221
Self-citationThe Latitudinal Distribution of Clouds on Titan
Rannou, P., Montmessin, F., Hourdin, F., & Lebonnois, S. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1118424 · Cited by 216
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 622
Electrical properties of Titan's surface from Cassini RADAR scatterometer measurements
Wye, L. C., Zebker, H. A., Ostro, S. J., West, R. D., Gim, Y., Lorenz, R. D., & the Cassini RADAR Team (2007) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.12.008 · Cited by 64
Self-citationSequestration of Ethane in the Cryovolcanic Subsurface of Titan
Mousis, O. J., & Schmitt, B. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/587141 · Cited by 64
Cornet, T., Bourgeois, O., Mouëlic, S. L., Rodriguez, S., Lopez, T., Sotin, C., Tobie, G., Fleurant, C., Barnes, J. W., Brown, R. H., et al. (2012) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.01.013 · Cited by 63
Implementation of microchip electrophoresis instrumentation for future spaceflight missions
Willis, P. A., Creamer, J. S., & Mora, M. F. (2015) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-015-8903-z · Cited by 63
Microbial Life in a Liquid Asphalt Desert
Schulze‐Makuch, D., Haque, S., Walther-Antonio, M. R. S., Ali, D., Hosein, R., Song, Y., Yang, J., Zaikova, E., Beckles, D. M., Guinan, E. F., et al. (2011) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0488 · Cited by 63
A model intercomparison of Titan's climate and low-latitude environment
Lora, J. M., Tokano, T., d’Ollone, J. V., Lebonnois, S., & Lorenz, R. D. (2019) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.05.031 · Cited by 63
Self-citationNoble gases, nitrogen, and methane from the deep interior to the atmosphere of Titan
Glein, C. R. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.01.001 · Cited by 62
Possible tropical lakes on Titan from observations of dark terrain
Griffith, C. A., Lora, J. M., Turner, J. D., Penteado, P. F., Brown, R. H., Tomasko, M. G., Doose, L. R., & See, C. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11165 · Cited by 62
The Insulating Effect of Methane Clathrate Crust on Titan's Thermal Evolution
Kalousová, K., & Sotin, C. (2020) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2020gl087481 · Cited by 61
Geology and Surface Processes on Titan
Ralf Jaumann, E., Kirk, R., Lorenz, R. D., Lopes, R. M. C., STOFAN, E. R., Turtle, E. P., Keller, H. U., Wood, C. A., Sotin, C., Soderblom, L. A., et al. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9215-2_5 · Cited by 60
Self-citationTitan's Tropical Storms in an Evolving Atmosphere
Griffith, C. A., McKay, C. P., & Ferri, F. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/593117 · Cited by 60
Malaska, M. J., Radebaugh, J., Lopes, R. M. C., Mitchell, K. L., Verlander, T., Schoenfeld, A. M., Florence, M. M., Gall, A. L., Solomonidou, A., Hayes, A. G., et al. (2020) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113764 · Cited by 60
Self-citationDissolution of benzene, naphthalene, and biphenyl in a simulated Titan lake
Malaska, M. J., & Hodyss, R. (2014) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.07.022 · Cited by 59
Spectral properties of Titan's impact craters imply chemical weathering of its surface
Neish, C. D., Barnes, J. W., Sotin, C., MacKenzie, S., Soderblom, J. M., Mouëlic, S. L., Kirk, R. L., Stiles, B. W., Malaska, M. J., Gall, A. L., et al. (2015) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2015gl063824 · Cited by 58
Self-citationTitan’s Carbon Budget and the Case of the Missing Ethane
Wilson, E. H., & Atreya, S. K. (2009) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/jp905535a · Cited by 58
Estimating erosional exhumation on Titan from drainage network morphology
Black, B. A., Perron, J. T., Burr, D. M., & Drummond, S. A. (2012) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2012je004085 · Cited by 58
Faulk, S. P., Lora, J. M., Mitchell, J. L., & Milly, P. C. D. (2019) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0963-0 · Cited by 58
Titan: Earth-like on the Outside, Ocean World on the Inside
MacKenzie, S., Birch, S., Hörst, S. M., Sotin, C., Barth, E. L., Lora, J. M., Trainer, M. G., Corlies, P., Malaska, M. J., Sciamma-O’Brien, E., et al. (2021) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/25c2cfeb.043eea88 · Cited by 57
Self-citationTitan's Interior Structure and Dynamics After the Cassini-Huygens Mission
Sotin, C., Kalousová, K., & Tobie, G. (2021) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-072920-052847 · Cited by 57
Elevation distribution of Titan’s craters suggests extensive wetlands
Neish, C. D., & Lorenz, R. D. (2013) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.09.024 · Cited by 57
Self-citationMalaska, M. J., Lopes, R. M. C., Williams, D. A., Neish, C. D., Solomonidou, A., Soderblom, J. M., Schoenfeld, A., Birch, S., Hayes, A. G., Gall, A. L., et al. (2016) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.021 · Cited by 57
Self-citationOrganic Ices in Titan’s Stratosphere
Anderson, C. M., Samuelson, R. E., & Nna-Mvondo, D. (2018) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-018-0559-5 · Cited by 57
TiME - The Titan Mare Explorer
STOFAN, E. R., Lorenz, R. D., Lunine, J. I., Bierhaus, E. B., Clark, B. C., Mahaffy, P. R., & Ravine, M. A. (2013) · IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO) · doi:10.1109/aero.2013.6497165 · Cited by 56
Self-citationSurface of Ligeia Mare, Titan, from Cassini altimeter and radiometer analysis
Zebker, H. A., Hayes, A. G., Janssen, M., Gall, A. L., Lorenz, R. D., & Wye, L. C. (2014) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2013gl058877 · Cited by 56
Self-citationTitan's lakes chemical composition: Sources of uncertainties and variability
Cordier, D., Mousis, O. J., Lunine, J. I., Lebonnois, S., Rannou, P., Lavvas, P., Lobo, L. Q., & Ferreira, A. G. M. (2011) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2011.05.009 · Cited by 55
Self-citationMastrogiuseppe, M., Hayes, A. G., Poggiali, V., Seu, R., Lunine, J. I., & Hofgartner, J. D. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/tgrs.2016.2563426 · Cited by 55
Self-citationLaboratory measurements of nitrogen dissolution in Titan lake fluids
Malaska, M. J., Hodyss, R., Lunine, J. I., Hayes, A. G., Hofgartner, J. D., Hollyday, G., & Lorenz, R. D. (2017) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.01.033 · Cited by 55
Self-citationClathrate Hydrates: Implications for Exchange Processes in the Outer Solar System
Choukroun, M. N., Kieffer, S. W., Lu, X., & Tobie, G. (2012) · Astrophysics and space science library · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3076-6_12 · Cited by 55
On the chemical composition of Titan’s dry lakebed evaporites
Cordier, D., Barnes, J. W., & Ferreira, A. G. M. (2013) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.07.026 · Cited by 54
Limnological Structure of Titan's Hydrocarbon Lakes and Its Astrobiological Implication
Tokano, T. (2009) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2007.0220 · Cited by 54
Simulating Titan’s methane cycle with the TitanWRF General Circulation Model
Newman, C. E., Richardson, M. I., Lian, Y., & Lee, C. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.028 · Cited by 54
Insolation on exoplanets with eccentricity and obliquity
Dobrovolskis, A. R. (2013) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.06.026 · Cited by 53
Are the basins of Titan's Hotei Regio and Tui Regio sites of former low latitude seas?
Moore, J. M., & Howard, A. D. (2010) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2010gl045234 · Cited by 53
Titan's impact crater population after Cassini
Hedgepeth, J. E., Neish, C. D., Turtle, E. P., Stiles, B. W., Kirk, R. L., & Lorenz, R. D. (2020) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113664 · Cited by 53
Self-citationLiquid‐filled canyons on Titan
Poggiali, V., Mastrogiuseppe, M., Hayes, A. G., Seu, R., Birch, S., Lorenz, R. D., Grima, C., & Hofgartner, J. D. (2016) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2016gl069679 · Cited by 52
Self-citationWave constraints for Titan’s Jingpo Lacus and Kraken Mare from VIMS specular reflection lightcurves
Barnes, J. W., Soderblom, J. M., Brown, R. H., Soderblom, L. A., Stephan, K., Ralf Jaumann, E., Mouëlic, S. L., Rodriguez, S., Sotin, C., Buratti, B. J., et al. (2010) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.022 · Cited by 51
Self-citationThe flushing of Ligeia: Composition variations across Titan's seas in a simple hydrological model
Lorenz, R. D. (2014) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2014gl061133 · Cited by 50
Self-citationProduction and global transport of Titan’s sand particles
Barnes, J. W., Lorenz, R. D., Radebaugh, J., Hayes, A. G., Arnold, K., & Chandler, C. K. (2015) · Planetary Science · doi:10.1186/s13535-015-0004-y · Cited by 50
Self-citationCurtis, D. B., Hatch, C. D., Hasenkopf, C. A., Toon, O. B., Tolbert, M. A., McKay, C. P., & Khare, B. N. (2008) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.02.003 · Cited by 49
Titan's asymmetric lake distribution mediated by methane transport due to atmospheric eddies
Lora, J. M., & Mitchell, J. L. (2015) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2015gl064912 · Cited by 48
Material transport map of Titan: The fate of dunes
Malaska, M. J., Lopes, R. M. C., Hayes, A. G., Radebaugh, J., Lorenz, R. D., & Turtle, E. P. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.09.029 · Cited by 48
Self-citationMora, M. F., Stockton, A. M., & Willis, P. A. (2012) · Electrophoresis · doi:10.1002/elps.201200102 · Cited by 48
Science goals and mission concept for the future exploration of Titan and Enceladus
Tobie, G., Teanby, N. A., Coustenis, A., Ralf Jaumann, E., Raulin, F., Schmidt, J., Carrasco, N., Coates, A. J., Cordier, D., de Kok, R. J., et al. (2014) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2014.10.002 · Cited by 47
Self-citationInteraction of Titan's ionosphere with Saturn's magnetosphere
Coates, A. J. (2008) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0248 · Cited by 47
Schröder, S. E., & Keller, H. U. (2008) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2007.10.011 · Cited by 47
Insolation patterns on synchronous exoplanets with obliquity
Dobrovolskis, A. R. (2009) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.06.007 · Cited by 47
The near-surface methane humidity on Titan
Lora, J. M., & Ádámkovics, M. (2016) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.10.012 · Cited by 46
Oremland, R. S., & Voytek, M. A. (2008) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2007.0183 · Cited by 45
Cassini/VIMS observes rough surfaces on Titan’s Punga Mare in specular reflection
Barnes, J. W., Sotin, C., Soderblom, J. M., Brown, R. H., Hayes, A. G., Donelan, M. A., Rodriguez, S., Mouëlic, S. L., Baines, K. H., & McCord, T. B. (2014) · Planetary Science · doi:10.1186/s13535-014-0003-4 · Cited by 45
Evolution of Titan and implications for its hydrocarbon cycle
Tobie, G., Choukroun, M. N., Grasset, O., Mouëlic, S. L., Lunine, J. I., Sotin, C., Bourgeois, O., Gautier, D., Hirtzig, M., Lebonnois, S., et al. (2008) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0246 · Cited by 45
Self-citationRaulin, F. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/454587a · Cited by 44
Dissipation of Titan's north polar cloud at northern spring equinox
Mouëlic, S. L., Rannou, P., Rodriguez, S., Sotin, C., Griffith, C. A., Corre, L. L., Barnes, J. W., Brown, R. H., Baines, K. H., Buratti, B. J., et al. (2011) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2011.04.006 · Cited by 44
Global energy budgets and ‘Trenberth diagrams’ for the climates of terrestrial and gas giant planets
Read, P. L., Barstow, J. K., Charnay, B., Chelvaniththilan, S., Irwin, P. G. J., Knight, S. H. E., Lebonnois, S., Lewis, S. R., Jr., Mendonça, J. M., & Montabone, L. (2015) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.2704 · Cited by 44
Structure of Titan’s evaporites
Cordier, D., Cornet, T., Barnes, J. W., MacKenzie, S. M., Le Bahers, T., Nna-Mvondo, D., Rannou, P., & Ferreira, A. G. (2016) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.034 · Cited by 43
A radar map of Titan Seas: Tidal dissipation and ocean mixing through the throat of Kraken
Lorenz, R. D., Kirk, R., Hayes, A. G., Anderson, Y. Z., Lunine, J. I., Tokano, T., Turtle, E. P., Malaska, M. J., Soderblom, J. M., Lucas, A., et al. (2014) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.04.005 · Cited by 43
Self-citationLin, F., Sum, A. K., & Bodnar, R. J. (2007) · Journal of Raman Spectroscopy · doi:10.1002/jrs.1804 · Cited by 43
A co-crystal between benzene and ethane: a potential evaporite material for Saturn's moon Titan
Maynard-Casely, H. E., Hodyss, R., Cable, M. L., Vu, T. H., & Rahm, M. (2016) · IUCrJ · doi:10.1107/s2052252516002815 · Cited by 43
Morphological evidence that Titan’s southern hemisphere basins are paleoseas
Birch, S., Hayes, A. G., Corlies, P., STOFAN, E. R., Hofgartner, J. D., Lopes, R. M. C., Lorenz, R. D., Lunine, J. I., MacKenzie, S., Malaska, M. J., et al. (2017) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.12.016 · Cited by 42
Self-citationSurface albedo spectral properties of geologically interesting areas on Titan
Solomonidou, A., Hirtzig, M., Coustenis, A., Bratsolis, E., Mouëlic, S. L., Rodriguez, S., Stephan, K., Drossart, P., Sotin, C., Ralf Jaumann, E., et al. (2014) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1002/2014je004634 · Cited by 41
Self-citationThe tectonics of Titan: Global structural mapping from Cassini RADAR
Liu, Z. Y.-C., Radebaugh, J., Harris, R. A., Christiansen, E. H., Neish, C. D., Kirk, R., & Lorenz, R. D. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.021 · Cited by 40
Self-citationImplications of dune pattern analysis for Titan’s surface history
Savage, C. J., Radebaugh, J., Christiansen, E. H., & Lorenz, R. D. (2013) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.08.009 · Cited by 40
Self-citationAlluvial and fluvial fans on Saturn's moon Titan reveal processes, materials and regional geology
Radebaugh, J., Ventra, D., Lorenz, R. D., Farr, T. G., Kirk, R., Hayes, A. G., Malaska, M. J., Birch, S., Liu, Z. Y.-C., Lunine, J. I., et al. (2016) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp440.6 · Cited by 40
Self-citationMitri, G., Postberg, F., Soderblom, J. M., Wurz, P., Tortora, P., Abel, B., Barnes, J. W., Berga, M., Carrasco, N., Coustenis, A., et al. (2017) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2017.11.001 · Cited by 40
Self-citationThe search for life in our Solar System and the implications for science and society
McKay, C. P. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0247 · Cited by 39
Lopes, R. M. C., Mitchell, K. L., Wall, S. D., Mitri, G., Janssen, M. A., Ostro, S. J., Kirk, R., Hayes, A. G., STOFAN, E. R., Lunine, J. I., et al. (2007) · Eos · doi:10.1029/2007eo510001 · Cited by 39
Self-citationVolatile Origin and Cycles: Nitrogen and Methane
Atreya, S. K., Lorenz, R. D., & Waite, J. H. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9215-2_7 · Cited by 38
Self-citationModeling specular reflections from hydrocarbon lakes on Titan
Soderblom, J. M., Barnes, J. W., Soderblom, L. A., Brown, R. H., Griffith, C. A., Nicholson, P. D., Stephan, K., Ralf Jaumann, E., Sotin, C., Baines, K. H., et al. (2012) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.05.030 · Cited by 38
Self-citationDynamical effects on the habitable zone for Earth-like exomoons
Forgan, D. H., & Kipping, D. (2013) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stt662 · Cited by 38
Bubble streams in Titan’s seas as a product of liquid N2 + CH4 + C2H6 cryogenic mixture
Cordier, D., García-Sánchez, F., Justo-García, D. N., & Liger‐Belair, G. (2017) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0102 · Cited by 38
The Cassini VIMS archive of Titan: From browse products to global infrared color maps
Mouëlic, S. L., Cornet, T., Rodriguez, S., Sotin, C., Seignovert, B., Barnes, J. W., Brown, R. H., Baines, K. H., Buratti, B. J., Clark, R. N., et al. (2018) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.09.017 · Cited by 38
Can Cassini detect a subsurface ocean in Titan from gravity measurements?
Rappaport, N. J., IESS, L., Wahr, J., Lunine, J. I., Armstrong, J. W., Asmar, S. W., Tortora, P., Benedetto, M. D., & Racioppa, P. (2008) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.11.024 · Cited by 38
Self-citationCharacteristics of Icy Surfaces
Prockter, L. M., Lopes, R. M. C., Giese, B., Ralf Jaumann, E., Lorenz, R. D., Pappalardo, R. T., Patterson, G. W., Thomas, P. C., Turtle, E. P., & Wagner, R. J. (2010) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-010-9649-8 · Cited by 38
Self-citationFormation of a New Benzene–Ethane Co-Crystalline Structure Under Cryogenic Conditions
Vu, T. H., Cable, M. L., Choukroun, M. N., Hodyss, R., & Beauchamp, P. M. (2014) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/jp501698j · Cited by 38
Norman, L. (2011) · Astronomy & Geophysics · doi:10.1111/j.1468-4004.2011.52139.x · Cited by 38
Ground-based radar observations of Titan: 2000–2008
Black, G. J., Campbell, D. B., & Carter, L. M. (2010) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.025 · Cited by 37
Cassini radar observation of Punga Mare and environs: Bathymetry and composition
Mastrogiuseppe, M., Poggiali, V., Hayes, A. G., Lunine, J. I., Seu, R., Achille, G. D., & Lorenz, R. D. (2018) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.05.033 · Cited by 37
Self-citationPolymerization of Building Blocks of Life on Europa and Other Icy Moons
Kimura, J., & Kitadai, N. (2015) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1306 · Cited by 37
Neubauer, D., Vrtala, A. E., Leitner, J. J., Firneis, M. G., & Hitzenberger, R. (2012) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.07.020 · Cited by 36
Crater relaxation on Titan aided by low thermal conductivity sand infill
Schurmeier, L. R., & Dombard, A. J. (2017) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.10.034 · Cited by 36
Modeling the formation of Menrva impact crater on Titan: Implications for habitability
Crósta, Á. P., Silber, E. A., Lopes, R. M. C., Johnson, B. C., Bjonnes, E., Malaska, M. J., Vance, S. D., Sotin, C., Solomonidou, A., & Soderblom, J. M. (2021) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114679 · Cited by 36
Self-citationDunes on Saturn’s moon Titan as revealed by the Cassini Mission
Radebaugh, J. (2013) · Aeolian Research · doi:10.1016/j.aeolia.2013.07.001 · Cited by 36
Self-citationMeridional variation in tropospheric methane on Titan observed with AO spectroscopy at Keck and VLT
Ádámkovics, M., Mitchell, J. L., Hayes, A. G., Rojo, P., Corlies, P., Barnes, J. W., Ivanov, V. D., Brown, R. H., Baines, K. H., Buratti, B. J., et al. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.05.023 · Cited by 36
Racetrack and Bonnie Claire: southwestern US playa lakes as analogs for Ontario Lacus, Titan
Lorenz, R. D., Jackson, B. K., & Hayes, A. G. (2009) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2009.05.012 · Cited by 35
Self-citationExperimental constraints on the composition and dynamics of Titan's polar lakes
Luspay‐Kuti, A., Chevrier, V. F., Cordier, D., Valentín, E. G. R., Singh, S., Wagner, A. J., & Wasiak, F. C. (2014) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.11.023 · Cited by 35
Rain and dewdrops on titan based on in situ imaging
Karkoschka, E., & Tomasko, M. G. (2008) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.09.020 · Cited by 35
The growth of wind-waves in Titan’s hydrocarbon seas
Lorenz, R. D., & Hayes, A. G. (2012) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.03.002 · Cited by 35
Self-citationMorphotectonic features on Titan and their possible origin
Solomonidou, A., Bampasidis, G., Hirtzig, M., Coustenis, A., Kyriakopoulos, K., Seymour, K. S., Bratsolis, E., & Moussas, X. (2012) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.05.003 · Cited by 34
Atmospheric/Exospheric Characteristics of Icy Satellites
Coustenis, A., Tokano, T., Bürger, M., Cassidy, T. A., Lopes, R. M. C., Lorenz, R. D., Retherford, K. D., & Schubert, G. (2010) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-009-9615-5 · Cited by 34
Self-citationLatitudinal variations in Titan’s methane and haze from Cassini VIMS observations
Penteado, P. F., Griffith, C. A., Tomasko, M. G., Engel, S., See, C., Doose, L. R., Baines, K. H., Brown, R. H., Buratti, B. J., Clark, R. N., et al. (2009) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.003 · Cited by 34
A TRANSMISSION SPECTRUM OF TITAN'S NORTH POLAR ATMOSPHERE FROM A SPECULAR REFLECTION OF THE SUN
Barnes, J. W., Clark, R. N., Sotin, C., Ádámkovics, M., Appéré, T., Rodriguez, S., Soderblom, J. M., Brown, R. H., Buratti, B. J., Baines, K. H., et al. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/777/2/161 · Cited by 34
Rivers in the Solar System: Water Is Not the Only Fluid Flow on Planetary Bodies
Komatsu, G. (2007) · Geography Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00029.x · Cited by 34
Removal of Titan's noble gases by their trapping in its haze
Jacovi, R., & Bar‐Nun, A. (2008) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.02.014 · Cited by 34
Michaelides, R., Hayes, A. G., Mastrogiuseppe, M., Zebker, H. A., Farr, T. G., Malaska, M. J., Poggiali, V., & Mullen, J. P. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.09.043 · Cited by 33
Self-citationAbplanalp, M. J., & Kaiser, R. I. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab616c · Cited by 33
The origin and evolution of Titan
Tobie, G., Lunine, J. I., Monteux, J., Mousis, O. J., & Nimmo, F. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511667398.004 · Cited by 33
Self-citationThe exploration of Titan with an orbiter and a lake probe
Mitri, G., Coustenis, A., Fanchini, G., Hayes, A. G., IESS, L., Khurana, K. K., Lebreton, J., Lopes, R. M. C., Lorenz, R. D., Meriggiola, R., et al. (2014) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2014.07.009 · Cited by 33
Self-citationCassini–Huygens results on Titan's surface
Coustenis, A., & Hirtzig, M. (2009) · Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1088/1674-4527/9/3/001 · Cited by 33
Lorenz, R. D., Tokano, T., & Newman, C. E. (2011) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2010.12.009 · Cited by 32
Self-citationRaised Rims Around Titan's Sharp‐Edged Depressions
Birch, S., Hayes, A. G., Poggiali, V., Hofgartner, J. D., Lunine, J. I., Malaska, M. J., Wall, S. D., Lopes, R. M. C., & White, O. L. (2018) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2018gl078099 · Cited by 32
Self-citationThe landscape of Titan as witness to its climate evolution
Moore, J. M., Howard, A. D., & Morgan, A. M. (2014) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1002/2014je004608 · Cited by 32
Metadata
- Authors
- Stofan, E. R., Elachi, C., Lunine, J. I., Lorenz, R. D., Stiles, B., Mitchell, K. L., Ostro, S., Soderblom, L., Wood, C., Zebker, H., Wall, S., Janssen, M., Kirk, R., Lopes, R., Paganelli, F., Radebaugh, J., Wye, L., Anderson, Y., Allison, M., Boehmer, R., Callahan, P., Encrenaz, P., Flamini, E., Francescetti, G., Gim, Y., Hamilton, G., Hensley, S., Johnson, W. T. K., Kelleher, K., Muhleman, D., Paillou, P., Picardi, G., Posa, F., Roth, L., Seu, R., Shaffer, S., Vetrella, S., & West, R.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- United States Geological Survey (US)
- Planetary Science Institute (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Goddard Institute for Space Studies (US)
- Observatoire de Paris (FR)
- University of Naples Federico II (IT)
- Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux (FR)
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US)
- Polytechnic University of Bari (IT)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Stofan, E. R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 445
- Issue
- 7123
- Pages
- 61-64
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2054027145
- Cited by
- 595
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 30.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Oskar-Bordeaux (Universite de Bordeaux) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Keywords
- Titan, methane lakes, liquid methane, ethane, radar backscatter, Cassini flybys, water cycle, Northern Hemisphere, Saturnian satellites
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
