Melanoma biology and new targeted therapy
Abstract
Melanoma is a cancer that arises from melanocytes, specialized pigmented cells that are found predominantly in the skin. The incidence of melanoma is rising steadily in western populations--the number of cases worldwide has doubled in the past 20 years. In its early stages malignant melanoma can be cured by surgical resection, but once it has progressed to the metastatic stage it is extremely difficult to treat and does not respond to current therapies. Recent discoveries in cell signalling have provided greater understanding of the biology that underlies melanoma, and these advances are being exploited to provide targeted drugs and new therapeutic approaches.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Most melanocytes are distributed in basal layers, synthesize and transfer melanin to adjacent keratinocytes, and contribute to skin color and photoprotection.
“Most of the melanocytes are distributed in basal layers, synthesizing and transferring melanin to adjacent keratinocytes, and contributing to skin color and photoprotection [5].”
From Molecular Mechanisms of UV-Induced Apoptosis and Its Effects on Skin Residential Cells: The Implication in UV-Based Phototherapy (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
Cites
A new regulatory motif in cell-cycle control causing specific inhibition of cyclin D/CDK4.
Serrano, M., Hannon, G. J., & Beach, D. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/366704a0 · Cited by 3,650 · see citing works
Rb-mediated heterochromatin formation and silencing of E2F target genes during cellular senescence
Narita, M., Nuñez, S., Heard, E., Narita, M., Lin, A. W., Hearn, S. A., Spector, D. L., Hannon, G. J., & Lowe, S. W. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00401-x · Cited by 2,278 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Finally, it is feasible that widespread chromatin remodelling and gene silencing due to Rb-family protein hyperactivatio”
BackgroundFry, D. W., Harvey, P. J., Keller, P. R., Elliott, W. L., Meade, M., Trachet, E., Albassam, M., Zheng, X., Leopold, W. R., Pryer, N. K., et al. (2004) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.1427.3.11 · Cited by 1,236 · see citing works
The pathogenesis of melanoma induced by ultraviolet radiation
Gilchrest, B. A., Eller, M. S., Geller, A. C., & Yaar, M. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199904293401707 · Cited by 876 · see citing works
Mechanisms of hair graying: incomplete melanocyte stem cell maintenance in the niche
Nishimura, E. K., Granter, S. R., & Fisher, D. E. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1099593 · Cited by 750 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
Hodi, F. S., O'Day, S. J., McDermott, D. F., Weber, R. W., Sosman, J. A., Haanen, J. B., Gonzalez, R., Robert, C., Schadendorf, D., Hassel, J. C., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1003466 · Cited by 15,155 · see citing works
Survival in BRAF V600-mutant advanced melanoma treated with vemurafenib
Sosman, J. A., Kim, K. B., Schuchter, L., Gonzalez, R., Pavlick, A. C., Weber, J. S., McArthur, G. A., Hutson, T. E., Moschos, S. J., Flaherty, K. T., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1112302 · Cited by 2,156 · see citing works
Wajapeyee, N., Serra, R. W., Zhu, X., Mahalingam, M., & Green, M. R. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.12.032 · Cited by 903 · see citing works
Oncogenic BRAF Regulates Oxidative Metabolism via PGC1α and MITF
Haq, R., Shoag, J., Andreu-Perez, P., Yokoyama, S., Edelman, H., Rowe, G. C., Frederick, D. T., Hurley, A. D., Nellore, A., Kung, A. L., et al. (2013) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2013.02.003 · Cited by 818 · see citing works
Phosphatase‐mediated crosstalk between MAPK signaling pathways in the regulation of cell survival
Junttila, M. R., Li, S., & Westermarck, J. (2008) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.06-7859rev · Cited by 826 · see citing works
Lysosome-mediated processing of chromatin in senescence
Ivanov, A., Pawlikowski, J., Manoharan, I., van Tuyn, J., Nelson, D. M., Rai, T. S., Shah, P. P., Hewitt, G., Korolchuk, V. I., Passos, J. F., et al. (2013) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201212110 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
The supramolecular structure of melanin
Watt, A. A. R., Bothma, J. P., & Meredith, P. (2009) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/b902507c · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Kakadia, S., Yarlagadda, N., Awad, R., Kundranda, M., Niu, J., Naraev, B., Mina, L., Dragovich, T., Gimbel, M., & Mahmoud, F. (2018) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s182721 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Lee, C.-H., Wu, S.-B., Hong, C.-H., Yu, H.-S., & Wei, Y.-H. (2013) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms14036414 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Targeting Protein-Protein Interaction by Small Molecules
Jin, L., Wang, W., & Fang, G. (2014) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011613-140028 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Targeting mitochondrial complex I using BAY 87-2243 reduces melanoma tumor growth
Schöckel, L., Glasauer, A., Basit, F., Bitschar, K., Truong, H., Erdmann, G., Algire, C., Hägebarth, A., Willems, P. H., Kopitz, C., et al. (2015) · Cancer & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s40170-015-0138-0 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
The photoreactive free radical in eumelanin
Mostert, A. B., Rienecker, S. B., Noble, C., Hanson, G. R., & Meredith, P. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaq1293 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Expression of vitamin D receptor decreases during progression of pigmented skin lesions
Brożyna, A. A., Jozwicki, W., Janjetovic, Z., & Slominski, A. T. (2011) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2010.09.014 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Vilgelm, A. E., Pawlikowski, J. S., Liu, Y., Hawkins, O. E., Davis, T. A., Smith, J., Weller, K. P., Horton, L. W., McClain, C. M., Ayers, G. D., et al. (2015) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2405 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Chaube, B., Malvi, P., Singh, S. V., Mohammad, N., Meena, A. S., & Bhat, M. K. (2015) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.6134 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
KCa2.3 channel-dependent hyperpolarization increases melanoma cell motility
Chantome, A., Girault, A., Potier, M., Collin, C., Vaudin, P., Pagès, J.-C., Vandier, C., & Joulin, V. (2009) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.07.021 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Müller-Decker, K. (2011) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-011-9306-z · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Sex disparities in melanoma outcomes: The role of biology
Nosrati, A., & Wei, M. L. (2014) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.018 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Yang, G., Yan, Y., Ma, Y., & Yang, Y. (2017) · Molecular Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1002/mc.22654 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Stebbing, J., Dalgleish, A., Gifford-Moore, A., Martin, A., Gleeson, C., Wilson, G., Brunet, L. R., Grange, J., & Mudan, S. (2012) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr363 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
An update on the implications of cyclin D1 in melanomas
González‐Ruiz, L., González‐Moles, M. Á., González‐Ruiz, I., Ruiz‐Ávila, I., Ayén, Á., & Ramos‐García, P. (2020) · Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research · doi:10.1111/pcmr.12874 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Wada, M., Horinaka, M., Yamazaki, T., Katoh, N., & Sakai, T. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113217 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Mimeault, M., & Batra, S. K. (2010) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00885.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Toward wearable healthcare: a miniaturized 3d imager with coherent frequency-domain photoacoustics
Liu, S., Tang, K., Feng, X., Jin, H., Gao, F., & Zheng, Y. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2019.2940243 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Singhal, S. S., Figarola, J., Singhal, J., Leake, K., Nagaprashantha, L., Lincoln, C., Gabriel Gugiu, B., Horne, D., Jove, R., Awasthi, S., et al. (2012) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2012.08.020 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Optimization of tetrahydronaphthalene inhibitors of Raf with selectivity over hERG
Huang, S.-C., Adhikari, S., Afroze, R., Brewer, K., Calderwood, E. F., Chouitar, J., England, D. B., Fisher, C., Galvin, K. M., Gaulin, J., et al. (2016) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.049 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gray-Schopfer, V., Wellbrock, C., & Marais, R.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Cancer Research (GB)
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2007-02-21
- Volume
- 445
- Issue
- 7130
- Pages
- 851-857
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2081527131
- Cited by
- 1,371
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 91 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 91 · 2013: 109 · 2012: 99
- FWCI
- 6.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Keywords
- melanoma, melanocytes, melanoma incidence, metastatic melanoma, signal transduction, targeted therapy, melanoma biology, skin cancer
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Melanoma, Skin Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, Cellular Senescence, Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review