Chemical characterization of element 112
Abstract
The heaviest elements to have been chemically characterized are seaborgium (element 106), bohrium (element 107) and hassium (element 108). All three behave according to their respective positions in groups 6, 7 and 8 of the periodic table, which arranges elements according to their outermost electrons and hence their chemical properties. However, the chemical characterization results are not trivial: relativistic effects on the electronic structure of the heaviest elements can strongly influence chemical properties. The next heavy element targeted for chemical characterization is element 112; its closed-shell electronic structure with a filled outer s orbital suggests that it may be particularly susceptible to strong deviations from the chemical property trends expected within group 12. Indeed, first experiments concluded that element 112 does not behave like its lighter homologue mercury. However, the production and identification methods used cast doubt on the validity of this result. Here we report a more reliable chemical characterization of element 112, involving the production of two atoms of (283)112 through the alpha decay of the short-lived (287)114 (which itself forms in the nuclear fusion reaction of 48Ca with 242Pu) and the adsorption of the two atoms on a gold surface. By directly comparing the adsorption characteristics of (283)112 to that of mercury and the noble gas radon, we find that element 112 is very volatile and, unlike radon, reveals a metallic interaction with the gold surface. These adsorption characteristics establish element 112 as a typical element of group 12, and its successful production unambiguously establishes the approach to the island of stability of superheavy elements through 48Ca-induced nuclear fusion reactions with actinides.
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Many genetic and epigenetic factors, including multiple rare single nucleotide variants, copy number variations, and other structural variation, likely contribute to common complex diseases.
“It is now widely believed that many genetic and epigenetic factors are likely to contribute to common complex diseases, including multiple rare SNVs (defined by convention as those that have frequencies < 1%), copy number variations (CNVs), and other forms of structural variation. 3–12”
From Statistical analysis strategies for association studies involving rare variants (2010) · cites this paper as [7]
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- Authors
- Eichler, R., Aksenov, N. V., Belozerov, A. V., Bozhikov, G. A., Chepigin, V. I., Dmitriev, S. N., Dressler, R., Gäggeler, H. W., Gorshkov, V. A., Haenssler, F., Itkis, M. G., Laube, A., Lebedev, V. Y., Malyshev, O. N., Oganessian, Y. T., Petrushkin, O. V., Piguet, D., Rasmussen, P., Shishkin, S. V., Shutov, A. V., Svirikhin, A. I., Tereshatov, E. E., Vostokin, G. K., Wegrzecki, M., & Yeremin, A. V.
- Affiliations
- University of Bern (CH)
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (RU)
- Paul Scherrer Institute (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Eichler, R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 447
- Issue
- 7140
- Pages
- 72-75
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2039186563
- Cited by
- 332
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 22.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion)
- DORA PSI (Paul Scherrer Institute) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Astronomical and nuclear sciences
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Radioactive element chemistry and processing
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Synthesis and characterization of novel inorganic/organometallic compounds
- Keywords
- element 112, superheavy elements, group 12 elements, chemical characterization, metallic bonding, volatility, relativistic effects, electronic structure, radon, alpha decay, plutonium-242
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