The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
NUMB controls p53 tumour suppressor activity
Abstract
NUMB is a cell fate determinant, which, by asymmetrically partitioning at mitosis, controls cell fate choices by antagonising the activity of the plasma membrane receptor of the NOTCH family. NUMB is also an endocytic protein, and the NOTCH-NUMB counteraction has been linked to this function. There might be, however, additional functions of NUMB, as witnessed by its proposed role as a tumour suppressor in breast cancer. Here we describe a previously unknown function for human NUMB as a regulator of tumour protein p53 (also known as TP53). NUMB enters in a tricomplex with p53 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase HDM2 (also known as MDM2), thereby preventing ubiquitination and degradation of p53. This results in increased p53 protein levels and activity, and in regulation of p53-dependent phenotypes. In breast cancers there is frequent loss of NUMB expression. We show that, in primary breast tumour cells, this event causes decreased p53 levels and increased chemoresistance. In breast cancers, loss of NUMB expression causes increased activity of the receptor NOTCH. Thus, in these cancers, a single event-loss of NUMB expression-determines activation of an oncogene (NOTCH) and attenuation of the p53 tumour suppressor pathway. Biologically, this results in an aggressive tumour phenotype, as witnessed by findings that NUMB-defective breast tumours display poor prognosis. Our results uncover a previously unknown tumour suppressor circuitry.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Numb inhibits the degradation of p53 by forming the tricomplex of p53 and Hdm2 where it suppresses the ligase activity of Hdm2 [104].”
From Insights of Endocytosis Signaling in Health and Disease (2023) · cites this paper as [104]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, a remarkable decline in the levels of Numb expression has been observed in approximately 50% of breast cancer [104].”
From Insights of Endocytosis Signaling in Health and Disease (2023) · cites this paper as [104]
In the citing paper
“Endocytic protein Numb governs the level and activity of tumor suppressive protein p53.”
From Insights of Endocytosis Signaling in Health and Disease (2023) · cites this paper as [104]
In the citing paper
“Numb was recently reported to bind and inhibit Mdm2, leading to stabilization of p53, which is consistent with reports of a Numb tumor suppressor function [93].”
From The p53 orchestra: Mdm2 and Mdmx set the tone (2010) · cites this paper as [93]
In the citing paper
“Numb was recently reported to bind and inhibit Mdm2, leading to stabilization of p53, which is consistent with reports of a Numb tumor suppressor function [93].”
From The p53 orchestra: Mdm2 and Mdmx set the tone (2010) · cites this paper as [93]
Citations
Cites
p53 Mutations in Human Cancers
Hollstein, M., Sidransky, D., Vogelstein, B., & Harris, C. C. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1905840 · Cited by 8,018
DNA double-stranded breaks induce histone H2AX phosphorylation on serine 139
Rogakou, E. P., Pilch, D. R., Orr, A. H., Ivanova, V. S., & Bonner, W. M. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.10.5858 · Cited by 5,438
In Vivo Activation of the p53 Pathway by Small-Molecule Antagonists of MDM2
Vassilev, L. T., Vu, B. T., Graves, B., Carvajal, D., Podlaski, F., Filipovic, Z., Kong, N., Kammlott, U., Lukacs, C., Klein, C., et al. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1092472 · Cited by 4,661
Mdm2 promotes the rapid degradation of p53
Haupt, Y., Maya, R., Kazaz, A., & Oren, M. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387296a0 · Cited by 4,506
Regulation of p53 stability by Mdm2
Kubbutat, M. H. G., Jones, S. N., & Vousden, K. H. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387299a0 · Cited by 3,312
Momand, J., Zambetti, G. P., Olson, D. C., George, D., & Levine, A. J. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90644-r · Cited by 3,113
p53-dependent apoptosis modulates the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents
Lowe, S. W., Ruley, H. E., Jacks, T., & Housman, D. E. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90719-7 · Cited by 2,911
A Randomized Comparison of Sentinel-Node Biopsy with Routine Axillary Dissection in Breast Cancer
Veronesi, U., Paganelli, G., Viale, G., Luini, A., Zurrida, S., Galimberti, V. E., Intra, M., Veronesi, P., Robertson, C., Maisonneuve, P., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012782 · Cited by 2,204
A critical role for histone H2AX in recruitment of repair factors to nuclear foci after DNA damage
Paull, T. T., Rogakou, E. P., Yamazaki, V., Kirchgessner, C. U., Gellert, M., & Bonner, W. M. (2000) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00610-2 · Cited by 2,098
Amplification of a gene encoding a p53-associated protein in human sarcomas
Oliner, J. D., Kinzler, K. W., Meltzer, P. S., George, D. L., & Vogelstein, B. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/358080a0 · Cited by 1,949
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–382 of 382
Numb Gene Enhances Radiation Sensitivity of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Stem Cells
Shan, G., Zhang, P., Li, P., Du, F.-L., & Yang, Y. (2016) · Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals · doi:10.1089/cbr.2016.2053 · Cited by 5
The heterogeneity of NOTCH1 to tumor immune infiltration in pan-cancer
Duan, X., Wu, R., Zhang, M., Li, K., Yu, L., Sun, H., Hao, X., & Wang, C. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-79883-1 · Cited by 4
Zhang, Y., Yang, H., Liu, W., Song, Q., Li, Y., Zhang, J., Zhou, D., & Li, A. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000034717 · Cited by 4
Liu, Z., Qi, S., Fu, Y., Shen, L., Li, M., Lü, J., Ζhao, X., & Zhang, H. (2019) · Translational Cancer Research · doi:10.21037/tcr.2019.01.35 · Cited by 4
Gasperi, R. D., Csernoch, L. J., Dienes, B., Gönczi, M., Chakrabarty, J. K., Goeta, S., Aslan, A., Toro, C. A., Karasik, D., Brown, L. M., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.89424 · Cited by 3
Linking stem cells to chromosomal instability
van Wely, K. H. M., & Martínez‐A, C. (2012) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.4161/onci.1.2.18613 · Cited by 4
The CRL7 FBXW8 Complex Controls the Mammary Stem Cell Compartment through Regulation of NUMB Levels
Sabbioni, S., Filippone, M. G., Amadori, L., Confalonieri, S., Bonfanti, R., Capoano, S., Colaluca, I. N., Freddi, S., Bertalot, G., Fagà, G., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202405812 · Cited by 4
Top NOTCH targets: notch signaling in cancer
Jun, H. T., Stevens, J. L., & Kaplan‐Lefko, P. J. (2008) · Drug Development Research · doi:10.1002/ddr.20264 · Cited by 3
Cell Polarity in Mammary Gland Morphogenesis and Breast Cancer
Rejon, C. A., & McCaffrey, L. M. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14466-5_8 · Cited by 3
A Narrative Review of the TP53 and Its Product the p53 Protein
Foroutan, B. (2023) · OBM Genetics · doi:10.21926/obm.genet.2302185 · Cited by 8
Manzanero-Ortiz, S., Franco, M., Laxmeesha, M., & Carmena, A. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.111118 · Cited by 3
Zhong, B., Ma, Y., Sun, J. P., Tang, J., & Dong, M. (2024) · Oncology Reports · doi:10.3892/or.2024.8752 · Cited by 2
Stem Cell Growth as a Model of Carcinogenesis
Poser, S., Alisky, J. M., Chung, K.-F., Ebermann, D., Ehrhart‐Bornstein, M., Bornstein, S. R., & Androutsellis‐Theotokis, A. (2011) · BiblioBoard Library Catalog (Open Research Library) · doi:10.5772/18605 · Cited by 2
Role and Fate of TCTP in Protein Degradative Pathways
Vidal, M. (2017) · Results and problems in cell differentiation · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67591-6_6 · Cited by 2
Gasperi, R. D., Csernoch, L. J., Dienes, B., Gönczi, M., Chakrabarty, J. K., Goeta, S., Aslan, A., Toro, C. A., Karasik, D., Brown, L. M., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.05.11.540467 · Cited by 2
Analysis of Asymmetric Cell Division Using Human Neuroblastoma Cell Lines as a Model System
Izumi, H., Kaneko, Y., & Nakagawara, A. (2021) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym13101907 · Cited by 1
Qiu, Y., Li, Y., Li, M., Wang, Y., Shen, M., Shao, J., Zhang, F., Xu, X., Wang, F., Zheng, S., et al. (2025) · Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines · doi:10.1016/s1875-5364(25)60836-3 · Cited by 1
Latest News from the “Guardian”: p53 Directly Activates Asymmetric Stem Cell Division Regulators
Carmena, A. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26073171 · Cited by 1
Zong, M., Xu, Y., Xing, F., Wang, D., Zheng, X.-R., Zhang, S., Zhan, J., Chen, J., Chen, G., Liu, W., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1762397 · Cited by 1
(2014) · Cancer Cell & Microenvironment · doi:10.14800/ccm.274 · Cited by 1
Disturbance Rejection Helps Modulate the p53 Oscillation
Shin, Y.-J., Lipkin, S. M., Hencey, B., & Shen, X. (2011) · ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC) · doi:10.1115/dscc2011-6046 · Cited by 1
Tojkander, S. (2022) · Biochemistry · doi:10.5772/intechopen.103665 · Cited by 1
Operation p53 Hunt to combat cancer Theaflavins in action
Das, T. (2012) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar · doi:10.2741/s270 · Cited by 1
Liu, Z., You, D., Li, Y., He, Y., Li, A. N., Li, P., & Li, C. (2022) · PubMed Central · doi:10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.10.04 · Cited by 1
The Special Role of JAK/STAT, and Notch Signaling Pathways in Cancer Pathogenesis
(2023) · Journal of Case Reports and Medical History · doi:10.54289/jcrmh2300135 · Cited by 1
Experimental Model for Safe Gene Transfer by Recombinant Gene Constructs
Sainova, I. V., Vavrek, I., Pavlova, V., Daneva, T., Manchev, S., & Николова, Е. (2010) · Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment · doi:10.1080/13102818.2010.10817827 · Cited by 1
Function analysis of Xenopus NumbL in the context of primary neurogenesis
Nieber, F. (2011) · doi:10.53846/goediss-444 · Cited by 1
Variance-reduced simulation of stochastic agent-based models for tumor growthPreprint
Lejon, A., Mortier, B., & Samaey, G. (2015) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1509.06346 · Cited by 1
Gasperi, R. D., Csernoch, L. J., Dienes, B., Gönczi, M., Chakrabarty, J. K., Goeta, S., Aslan, A., Toro, C. A., Karasik, D., Brown, L. M., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.89424.2 · Cited by 1
Roh, J.-L., & Koch, W. M. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8815-6_12
Cancer Stem Cells as a New Opportunity for Therapeutic Intervention
Bols, V., Lpez, N., & Antón, L. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/15811
Asymmetric Division in the Immuno-Hematopoietic System
Jiménez-Teja, D., Martín-Blanco, N., & Cañelles, M. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/34001
Human notch1 and pin1 unveil a molecular circuitry involved in tumorigenesis
Tiberi, L. (2008) · OpenstarTs (Univeristy of Trieste https://www.units.it/)
FUNCTION OF ZNF668 IN CANCER DEVELOPMENT
Hu, R. (2011) · Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center)
IKKalpha mediated NOTCH1 Activation Promotes Tumorigenesis via FOXA2 Suppression
Liu, M. (2012) · Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center)
Sequence analysis of the NUMB gene in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients
Oberender, C. (2014) · Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver · doi:10.17169/refubium-13110
Asymmetric cell division and neoplastic growth
Teskikh, V. V., Васильев, А. В., & Vorotelyak, E. A. (2009) · Biology Bulletin · doi:10.1134/s1062359009040013
NUMB (numb homolog (Drosophila))
Confalonieri, S., Pece, S., & Di, F. P. (2012) · Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology · doi:10.4267/2042/46050
Sainova, I. V., Vavrek, I., Pavlova, V., Daneva, T., Iliev, I. A., Yossifova, L., Gardeva, E. G., & Николова, Е. (2011) · Journal of Developmental Biology and Tissue Engineering · doi:10.5897/jdbte.9000002
Pier Paolo Di Fiore: Plumbing the depths of endocytosis
Powell, K. (2010) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.1881pi
Sainova, I. V., Vavrek, I., Pavlova, V., Iliev, I. A., Yossifova, L., Gardeva, E. G., Николова, Е., Daneva, T., Nitsch, R., & Nitsch, A. (2011) · Clinical Reviews and Opinions · doi:10.5897/cro.9000016
정진혁, 이준영, 이선미, 최태부, & 안성관 (2009) · KSBB Journal
Muranko, K. (2014) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
Sainova, I. V., Vavrek, I., Atanassov, I., Lazov, K., Pavlova, V., Sh, P., Zasheva, D., Miteva, K., Николова, Е., & Urlaub, H. (2012)
Teng, T. (2013) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
p53 Mediated Suppression of Normal and Malignant Mammary Stem Cell Self-Renewal
Paulson, A. K. (2009) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Characterization of NUMB as a Regulator of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
Wei, R. (2016) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
Characterization of p53 in rainbow trout cell lines
Liu, M. (2010) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo)
The regulation of DNA damage signalling and repair by MOB2
Gündoğdu, R. (2016) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
Variance-Reduced Simulation of Multiscale Tumor Growth Modeling
Lejon, A., Mortier, B., & Samaey, G. (2017) · Multiscale Modeling and Simulation · doi:10.1137/15m1043224
Sainova, I. V., Valkova, I. P., Alexieva, B., Ilieva, I., & Николова, Е. (2015)
Fundamental Pathways in Breast Cancer 4: Signaling to Chromatin in Breast Development
Mazzarella, L., & Pelicci, P. G. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48848-6_4
Carey, J. (2012) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-5769
Establishing and maintaining cortical asymmetry in Drosophila neural stem cells
Hannaford, M. R. (2017) · Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee)
Origin and development of oligodendroglioma
Volovetz, J., Bayık, D., & Lathia, J. D. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813158-9.00007-4 · Cited by 1
miR-182 facilitates invasion and EMT by targeting Numb in Malignant Pleural MesotheliomaPreprint
Kang, Y., Lu, D., Meng, L., Ma, R., Huang, C., Gao, M., & Zhang, W. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-27018/v1
Guo, M. L., Akter, F., Luo, X., Meng, X., & Jonas, B. (2020) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101793
RetractedMolecular and cellular mechanisms in recurrent glioblastoma chemoresistance
Battista, S., Cerchia, L., & Fedele, M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821567-8.00011-7
(2008) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0208-122
(2008) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2322
Levine, R. L., & Abdel-Wahab, O. I. (2010) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.4950957.5016068
Sainova, I. V., Ilieva, I., Hristov, M., & Markova, T. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2108591/v1
Sainova, I. V., Ilieva, I., Hristov, M., & Markova, T. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2251273/v1
Meng, R. D., Shelton, C. C., Li, Y., Qin, L., Notterman, D. A., Paty, P. B., & Schwartz, G. K. (2023) · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.c.6499221.v1
Hu, R., Peng, G., Dai, H., Breuer, E.-K. Y., Stemke‐Hale, K., Li, K., Gonzalez-Angulo, A. M., Mills, G. B., & Lin, S. (2023) · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.c.6502727.v1
Post-translational regulation of the Numb/Notch pathway in neurogenesis and cancer by Dlk2Preprint
Telerman, S. B., Hamilton, R. S., Shaw, B., Dimitrov, J. D., Steventon, B., & Ferguson‐Smith, A. C. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549453
Gasperi, R. D., Csernoch, L. J., Dienes, B., Gönczi, M., Chakrabarty, J. K., Goeta, S., Aslan, A., Toro, C. A., Karasik, D., Brown, L. M., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.89424.1
Gasperi, R. D., Csernoch, L. J., Dienes, B., Gönczi, M., Chakrabarty, J. K., Goeta, S., Aslan, A., Toro, C. A., Karasik, D., Brown, L. M., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.89424.3
Tucci, F., Pennisi, R., Rigiracciolo, D. C., Filippone, M. G., Bonfanti, R., Romeo, F., Freddi, S., Soriani, C., Rodighiero, S., Jodice, G., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.08.27.609735
Role and Therapeutic Implication of Notch Signaling Pathway in Cancer
Lone, S. S., Khan, M. S., Majid, S., & Qureshi, W. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-2763-9_6
Shu, Y., Tao, Q., Xu, Q., Chen, Y., Xu, Y., Ma, T., Zhu, Z., Wei, X., Liu, F., Wu, Z., et al. (2025) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/s41388-025-03430-z
Tomasović, A. (2025) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2025.111667
Decoding hepatitis B virus mutations that impact host–virus interactions and therapeutics
Venkatesan, H., Mahesh, J. S., & Venkataraman, S. (2025) · Journal of Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12038-025-00544-0
Othman, K., Viola, L., Fatima, H., Lapierre, J., MacLeod, G. D. A. H., Simpson, C. D., Chu, C., Beltran, R., Zhang, Y., Angers, S., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.08.20.671097
Zhang, S.-H., Yang, M.-Y., Xu, Y., Xing, F.-F., Zhan, J., Wang, D., Chen, J., Chen, G., Liu, P., Liu, W., et al. (2025) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2025.120980
Endocytic Control of Cell‐Autonomous and Non‐Cell‐Autonomous Functions of p53
Cacciatore, R., Basile, A., Freddi, S., Lomoriello, I. S., Zucca, C. R., Ciossani, G., Scietti, L., Cuomo, A., Ronzoni, S., Pelicci, S., et al. (2026) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202513765 · Cited by 4
Yang, Y., Hu, X., Pan, Y., Ji, W., Liu, T., & Zheng, X. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-44793-x
RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligases: novel therapeutic opportunities in melanoma
Zhang, J.-F., Li, L.-T., Yang, Y.-Y., Zhang, S.-C., Gao, C., Zhu, X., Xin, H., & Li, X. (2026) · Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters · doi:10.1186/s11658-026-00940-w
Expressão gênica em síndrome mielodisplásica do subtipo AREB
Mendiburu, C. F. (2010) · Americanae (AECID Library)
Metadata
- Authors
- Colaluca, I. N., Tosoni, D., Nuciforo, P., Senic-Matuglia, F., Galimberti, V., Viale, G., Pece, S., & Di Fiore, P. P.
- Affiliations
- IFOM (IT)
- European Institute of Oncology (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Pece, Salvatore
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 451
- Issue
- 7174
- Pages
- 76-80
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2072555538
- Cited by
- 385
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 18.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fondazione Cariplo
- Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Keywords
- Numb, p53, MDM2, tumour suppressor, breast cancer, Notch receptor, ubiquitination, protein stability, chemoresistance, prognosis, asymmetric cell division, endocytosis, oncogene activation
- MeSH terms
- Breast Neoplasms, Cells, Cultured, DNA Damage, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Prognosis, Protein Binding, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Gene Silencing, Cell Line, Tumor, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2, Ubiquitination
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
