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Energetic neutral atoms as the explanation for the high-velocity hydrogen around HD 209458b
Open accessAbstract
Absorption in the stellar Lyman-α (Lyα) line observed during the transit of the extrasolar planet HD 209458b in front of its host star reveals high-velocity atomic hydrogen at great distances from the planet. This has been interpreted as hydrogen atoms escaping from the planet’s exosphere, possibly undergoing hydrodynamic blow-off, and being accelerated by stellar radiation pressure. Energetic neutral atoms around Solar System planets have been observed to form from charge exchange between solar wind protons and neutral hydrogen from the planetary exospheres, however, and this process also should occur around extrasolar planets. Here we show that the measured transit-associated Lyα absorption can be explained by the interaction between the exosphere of HD 209458b and the stellar wind, and that radiation pressure alone cannot explain the observations. As the stellar wind protons are the source of the observed energetic neutral atoms, this provides a way of probing stellar wind conditions, and our model suggests a slow and hot stellar wind near HD 209458b at the time of the observations.
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Citations
Cites
An extended upper atmosphere around the extrasolar planet HD209458b
Vidal-Madjar, A., des Etangs, A. L., Désert, J.-M., Ballester, G. E., Ferlet, R., Hébrard, G., & Mayor, M. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01448 · Cited by 1,208 · cited 2×
“, Aeronomy of extra-solar giant planets at small orbital distances, Icarus, 170(1), 167-179 (2004)”
Background
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Murray-Clay, R. A., Chiang, E. I., & Murray, N. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/693/1/23 · Cited by 723
A giant comet-like cloud of hydrogen escaping the warm Neptune-mass exoplanet GJ 436b
Ehrenreich, D., Bourrier, V., Wheatley, P. J., des Etangs, A. L., Hébrard, G., Udry, S., Bonfils, X., Delfosse, X., Désert, J.-M., Sing, D. K., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14501 · Cited by 517
Formation and Evolution of Protoatmospheres
Massol, H., Hamano, K., Tian, F., Ikoma, M., Abe, Y., Chassefière, E., Davaille, A., Genda, H., Güdel, M., Hori, Y., et al. (2016) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-016-0280-1 · Cited by 85
Self-citationEvolution of the Earth's polar outflow from mid-Archean to present
Kislyakova, K. G., Johnstone, C. P., Scherf, M., Holmström, M., Alexeev, I. I., Lammer, H., Khodachenko, M. L., & Güdel, M. (2020) · Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics · doi:10.1029/2020ja027837 · Cited by 20
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Metadata
- Authors
- Holmström, M., Ekenbäck, A., Selsis, F., Penz, T., Lammer, H., & Wurz, P.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 451
- Issue
- 7181
- Pages
- 970-972
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2152602238
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 9.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Holmström, M., Ekenbäck, A., Selsis, F., Penz, T., Lammer, H., & Wurz, P. (2008). Energetic neutral atoms as the explanation for the high-velocity hydrogen around HD 209458b. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06600
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