Cited by 2,030Genomics and Rare DiseasesGenomics and Phylogenetic StudiesGenetic Associations and Epidemiology

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Targeted capture and massively parallel sequencing of 12 human exomes

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Abstract

Genome-wide association studies suggest that common genetic variants explain only a modest fraction of heritable risk for common diseases, raising the question of whether rare variants account for a significant fraction of unexplained heritability. Although DNA sequencing costs have fallen markedly, they remain far from what is necessary for rare and novel variants to be routinely identified at a genome-wide scale in large cohorts. We have therefore sought to develop second-generation methods for targeted sequencing of all protein-coding regions ('exomes'), to reduce costs while enriching for discovery of highly penetrant variants. Here we report on the targeted capture and massively parallel sequencing of the exomes of 12 humans. These include eight HapMap individuals representing three populations, and four unrelated individuals with a rare dominantly inherited disorder, Freeman-Sheldon syndrome (FSS). We demonstrate the sensitive and specific identification of rare and common variants in over 300 megabases of coding sequence. Using FSS as a proof-of-concept, we show that candidate genes for Mendelian disorders can be identified by exome sequencing of a small number of unrelated, affected individuals. This strategy may be extendable to diseases with more complex genetics through larger sample sizes and appropriate weighting of non-synonymous variants by predicted functional impact.

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Metadata

Authors
Ng, S. B., Turner, E. H., Robertson, P. D., Flygare, S. D., Bigham, A. W., Lee, C., Shaffer, T., Wong, M., Bhattacharjee, A., Eichler, E. E., Bamshad, M., Nickerson, D. A., & Shendure, J.
Affiliations
  • University of Washington (US)
  • Agilent Technologies (United States) (US)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author
  • Ng, Sarah B.
  • Shendure, Jay
Venue
Nature
Published
2009-08-16
Volume
461
Issue
7261
Pages
272-276
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W1973878786
Cited by
2,030
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 96 · 2018: 100 · 2017: 114 · 2016: 126 · 2015: 172 · 2014: 179 · 2013: 217 · 2012: 214
FWCI
123.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL094976)
  • National Human Genome Research Institute (R21HG004749)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomics and Rare Diseases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Keywords
targeted capture, exome sequencing, Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, rare variants, novel variants, monogenic disorders, candidate gene identification, sequencing cost reduction, HapMap, non-synonymous variants, protein-coding regions
MeSH terms
Exons, Gene Frequency, Genes, Dominant, Genetic Testing, Haplotypes, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Syndrome, Genetic Variation, Gene Library, Genome, Human, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sample Size, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, RNA Splice Sites, INDEL Mutation

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