Spin-orbit qubit in a semiconductor nanowire
Open accessAbstract
Motion of electrons can influence their spins through a fundamental effect called spin-orbit interaction. This interaction provides a way to control spins electrically and thus lies at the foundation of spintronics. Even at the level of single electrons, the spin-orbit interaction has proven promising for coherent spin rotations. Here we implement a spin-orbit quantum bit (qubit) in an indium arsenide nanowire, where the spin-orbit interaction is so strong that spin and motion can no longer be separated. In this regime, we realize fast qubit rotations and universal single-qubit control using only electric fields; the qubits are hosted in single-electron quantum dots that are individually addressable. We enhance coherence by dynamically decoupling the qubits from the environment. Nanowires offer various advantages for quantum computing: they can serve as one-dimensional templates for scalable qubit registers, and it is possible to vary the material even during wire growth. Such flexibility can be used to design wires with suppressed decoherence and to push semiconductor qubit fidelities towards error correction levels. Furthermore, electrical dots can be integrated with optical dots in p-n junction nanowires. The coherence times achieved here are sufficient for the conversion of an electronic qubit into a photon, which can serve as a flying qubit for long-distance quantum communication.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The sensitive nature of quantum states necessitates operating bits at extremely cold temperatures and requires high precision manufacturing.
“The sensitive nature of quantum states necessitates operating bits at extremely cold temperatures and requires high precision manufacturing [44].”
From Quantum Computing: Vision and Challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [44]
The Methods Summary (p. 9) reports operating this nanowire qubit at 300 mK and describes its nanoscale fabrication. It does not say that the sensitivity of quantum states makes extremely cold operation or high-precision manufacturing necessary for quantum bits generally. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn order to build the quantum Internet, a radical change from the current classical approach to networking design is required.
“In order to build the quantum Internet, a radical change from the current classical approach to networking design is required [44].”
From Quantum Computing: Vision and Challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [44]
The paper’s discussion on p. 1 concerns a nanowire spin-orbit qubit and its potential for long-distance quantum communication. Searches for quantum Internet, classical networking, and a radical change in networking design found no passage addressing the claimed design requirement. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Electronic analog of the electro-optic modulator
Datta, S., & Das, B. (1990) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.102730 · Cited by 4,820 · see citing works
Coherent Manipulation of Coupled Electron Spins in Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Petta, J. R., Johnson, A. C., Taylor, J. M., Laird, E. A., Yacoby, A., Lukin, M. D., Marcus, C. M., Hanson, M. P., & Gossard, A. C. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1116955 · Cited by 3,190 · see citing works
Spins in few-electron quantum dots
Hanson, R., Kouwenhoven, L. P., Petta, J. R., Tarucha, S., & Vandersypen, L. M. K. (2007) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.79.1217 · Cited by 2,672 · see citing works
Self-citationDriven coherent oscillations of a single electron spin in a quantum dot
Koppens, F. H. L., Buizert, C., Tielrooij, K., Vink, I. T., Nowack, K. C., Meunier, T., Kouwenhoven, L. P., & Vandersypen, L. M. K. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05065 · Cited by 1,337 · see citing works
Self-citationCoherent Control of a Single Electron Spin with Electric Fields
Nowack, K. C., Koppens, F. H. L., Nazarov, Y. V., & Vandersypen, L. M. K. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1148092 · Cited by 1,003 · see citing works
Complete quantum control of a single quantum dot spin using ultrafast optical pulses
Press, D., Ladd, T. D., Zhang, B., & Yamamoto, Y. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07530 · Cited by 863 · see citing works
Electrically driven single-electron spin resonance in a slanting Zeeman field
Pioro-Ladrière, M., Obata, T., 都倉, 康., Shin, Y.-S., Kubo, T., Yoshida, K., Taniyama, T., & Tarucha, S. (2008) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys1053 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Control and Detection of Singlet-Triplet Mixing in a Random Nuclear Field
Koppens, F. H. L., Folk, J., Elzerman, J. M., Hanson, R., van Beveren, L. H. W., Vink, I. T., Tranitz, H.-P., Wegscheider, W., Kouwenhoven, L. P., & Vandersypen, L. M. K. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1113719 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Self-citationPicosecond Coherent Optical Manipulation of a Single Electron Spin in a Quantum Dot
Berezovsky, J., Mikkelsen, M. H., Stoltz, N., Coldren, L. A., & Awschalom, D. D. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1154798 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Triplet–singlet spin relaxation via nuclei in a double quantum dot
Johnson, A. C., Petta, J. R., Taylor, J. M., Yacoby, A., Lukin, M. D., Marcus, C. M., Hanson, M. P., & Gossard, A. C. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03815 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Universal quantum control of two-electron spin quantum bits using dynamic nuclear polarization
Foletti, S., Bluhm, H., Mahalu, D., Umansky, V., & Yacoby, A. (2009) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys1424 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Gigahertz Dynamics of a Strongly Driven Single Quantum Spin
Fuchs, G. D., Dobrovitski, V. V., Toyli, D. M., Heremans, F. J., & Awschalom, D. D. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1181193 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Single Quantum Dot Nanowire LEDs
Minot, E. D., Kelkensberg, F., van Kouwen, M., et al. (2007) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl062483w · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Electric-dipole-induced spin resonance in quantum dots
Golovach, V. N., Borhani, M., & Loss, D. (2006) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.74.165319 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Orbital Mechanisms of Electron-Spin Manipulation by an Electric Field
RASHBA, E. I., & Éfros, A. L. (2003) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.126405 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Gigahertz Electron Spin Manipulation Using Voltage-Controlled g-Tensor Modulation
Kato, Y. K., Myers, R. C., Driscoll, D. C., Gossard, A. C., Levy, J., & Awschalom, D. D. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1080880 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Direct Measurement of the Spin-Orbit Interaction in a Two-Electron InAs Nanowire Quantum Dot
Fasth, C., Fuhrer, A., Samuelson, L., Golovach, V. N., & Loss, D. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.98.266801 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Suppressing Spin Qubit Dephasing by Nuclear State Preparation
Reilly, D. J., Taylor, J. M., Petta, J. R., Marcus, C. M., Hanson, M. P., & Gossard, A. C. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1159221 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Spin Echo of a Single Electron Spin in a Quantum Dot
Koppens, F. H. L., Nowack, K. C., & Vandersypen, L. M. K. (2008) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.236802 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Landé g Factors and Orbital Momentum Quenching in Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Pryor, C., & Flatté, M. E. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.026804 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Hyperfine-Mediated Gate-Driven Electron Spin Resonance
Laird, E. A., Barthel, C., RASHBA, E. I., Marcus, C. M., Hanson, M. P., & Gossard, A. C. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.99.246601 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Interlaced Dynamical Decoupling and Coherent Operation of a Singlet-Triplet Qubit
Barthel, C., Medford, J., Marcus, C. M., et al. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.266808 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Suppression of Spin Relaxation in an InAs Nanowire Double Quantum Dot
Pfund, A., Shorubalko, I., Ensslin, K., et al. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.99.036801 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Pauli spin blockade in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling
Danon, J., & Nazarov, Y. V. (2009) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.80.041301 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Disentangling the effects of spin-orbit and hyperfine interactions on spin blockade
Nadj-Perge, S., Frolov, S., TILBURG, J. W. W. V., Danon, J., Nazarov, Y. V., Algra, R. E., Bakkers, E. P. A. M., & Kouwenhoven, L. P. (2010) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.81.201305 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationUniversal Phase Shift and Nonexponential Decay of Driven Single-Spin Oscillations
Koppens, F. H. L., Klauser, D., Coish, W. A., et al. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.99.106803 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Selective Excitation and Detection of Spin States in a Single Nanowire Quantum Dot
van Weert, M. H. M., Akopian, N., Perinetti, U., van Kouwen, M. P., Algra, R. E., Verheijen, M. A., Bakkers, E. P. A. M., Kouwenhoven, L. P., & Zwiller, V. (2009) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl900250g · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationSpin-state mixing in InAs double quantum dots
Pfund, A., Shorubalko, I., Ensslin, K., & Leturcq, R. (2007) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.76.161308 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Obata, T., Pioro-Ladrière, M., Tokura, Y., et al. (2010) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.81.085317 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Long coherence of electron spins coupled to a nuclear spin bathPreprint
Bluhm, H., Foletti, S., Neder, I., et al. (2010) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1005.2995 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 1 Datta, S. & Das, B. Electronic Analog of the Electrooptic Modulator. Applied Physics Letters 56 , 665-667 (1990).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Materials challenges and opportunities for quantum computing hardware
de Leon, N. P., Itoh, K. M., Kim, D., Mehta, K. K., Northup, T. E., Paik, H., Palmer, B. S., Samarth, N., Sangtawesin, S., & Steuerman, D. W. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb2823 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Bright single-photon sources in bottom-up tailored nanowires
Reimer, M. E., Bulgarini, G., Akopian, N., Hocevar, M., Bavinck, M. B., Verheijen, M. A., Bakkers, E. P. A. M., Kouwenhoven, L. P., & Zwiller, V. (2012) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms1746 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantum Computing: Vision and Challenges
Gill, S. S., Cetinkaya, O., Marrone, S., Claudino, D., Haunschild, D., Schlote, L., Wu, H., Ottaviani, C., Liu, X., Machupalli, S. P., et al. (2025) · Quantum Computing · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29096-1.00008-8 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nadj-Perge, S., Frolov, S. M., Bakkers, E. P. A. M., & Kouwenhoven, L. P.
- Affiliations
- Delft University of Technology (NL)
- Eindhoven University of Technology (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Kouwenhoven, L. P.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 468
- Issue
- 7327
- Pages
- 1084-1087
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2135286490
- Cited by
- 703
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 25.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum and electron transport phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Topological Materials and Phenomena
- Keywords
- spin-orbit coupling, semiconductor nanowires, InAs, single-electron quantum dots, qubit rotation, dynamical decoupling, decoherence, spintronics, quantum computing, flying qubits, quantum memory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
