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Linking mantle plumes, large igneous provinces and environmental catastrophes

Sobolev, Stephan V., Sobolev, Alexander V., Kuzmin, Dmitry V., Krivolutskaya, Nadezhda A., Petrunin, Alexey G., Arndt, Nicholas T., Radko, Viktor A., Vasiliev, Yuri R.·2011·Nature
DOI 10.1038/nature10385
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Abstract

Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are known for their rapid production of enormous volumes of magma (up to several million cubic kilometres in less than a million years), for marked thinning of the lithosphere, often ending with a continental break-up, and for their links to global environmental catastrophes. Despite the importance of LIPs, controversy surrounds even the basic idea that they form through melting in the heads of thermal mantle plumes. The Permo-Triassic Siberian Traps--the type example and the largest continental LIP--is located on thick cratonic lithosphere and was synchronous with the largest known mass-extinction event. However, there is no evidence of pre-magmatic uplift or of a large lithospheric stretching, as predicted above a plume head. Moreover, estimates of magmatic CO(2) degassing from the Siberian Traps are considered insufficient to trigger climatic crises, leading to the hypothesis that the release of thermogenic gases from the sediment pile caused the mass extinction. Here we present petrological evidence for a large amount (15 wt%) of dense recycled oceanic crust in the head of the plume and develop a thermomechanical model that predicts no pre-magmatic uplift and requires no lithospheric extension. The model implies extensive plume melting and heterogeneous erosion of the thick cratonic lithosphere over the course of a few hundred thousand years. The model suggests that massive degassing of CO(2) and HCl, mostly from the recycled crust in the pl…

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Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Sobolev, S. V., Sobolev, A. V., Kuzmin, D. V., Krivolutskaya, N. A., Petrunin, A. G., Arndt, N. T., Radko, V. A., & Vasiliev, Y. R.
Venue
Nature
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2011-09
Volume
477
Issue
7364
Pages
312-316
ISSN
  • 0028-0836
  • 1476-4687
DOI
10.1038/nature10385
Cited by
537
References
0
Language
en
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)

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