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Gravitational detection of a low-mass dark satellite galaxy at cosmological distance
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The mass function of dwarf satellite galaxies that are observed around Local Group galaxies differs substantially from simulations based on cold dark matter: the simulations predict many more dwarf galaxies than are seen. The Local Group, however, may be anomalous in this regard. A massive dark satellite in an early-type lens galaxy at a redshift of 0.222 was recently found using a method based on gravitational lensing, suggesting that the mass fraction contained in substructure could be higher than is predicted from simulations. The lack of very low-mass detections, however, prohibited any constraint on their mass function. Here we report the presence of a (1.9 ± 0.1) × 10(8) M dark satellite galaxy in the Einstein ring system JVAS B1938+666 (ref. 11) at a redshift of 0.881, where M denotes the solar mass. This satellite galaxy has a mass similar to that of the Sagittarius galaxy, which is a satellite of the Milky Way. We determine the logarithmic slope of the mass function for substructure beyond the local Universe to be 1.1(+0.6)(-0.4), with an average mass fraction of 3.3(+3.6)(-1.8) per cent, by combining data on both of these recently discovered galaxies. Our results are consistent with the predictions from cold dark matter simulations at the 95 per cent confidence level, and therefore agree with the view that galaxies formed hierarchically in a Universe composed of cold dark matter.
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“Tens of thousands of galaxy -galaxy lenses will provide the needed statistics to probe dark matter halo pro fi les and substructure ( e.g., Mandelbaum et al. 2006; Vegetti et al. 2012 ) .”
From LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products (2019) · cites this paper as Vegetti et al. 2012
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Metadata
- Authors
- Vegetti, S., Lagattuta, D. J., McKean, J. P., Auger, M. W., Fassnacht, C. D., & Koopmans, L. V. E.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- University of California System (US)
- Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (NL)
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Vegetti, S.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 481
- Issue
- 7381
- Pages
- 341-343
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2052333057
- Cited by
- 386
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 10.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.rug.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/H00243X/1, ST/J001538/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Keywords
- dwarf galaxies, mass function, cold dark matter, gravitational lensing, Einstein ring, Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, galaxy formation, hierarchical structure formation, cosmological distances, substructure
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